ADHD Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the etiology of ADHD

A

Genetic
Neurologically acquired
Environmental
* usually a combo

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2
Q

What is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents

A

ADHD

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3
Q

Which gender is more prone to ADHD

A

Boys

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4
Q

What are some common associated problems with ADHD

A

Low self esteem
conduct disorders
learning disorders
school failure
poor coordination / clumsiness
increased injury from impulsivity

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5
Q

what catecholamines are generally affected with ADHD

A

Norepi
Dopamine

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6
Q

What are some signs / symptoms of ADHD

A

Avoidance in activities that require focus

Disorganization

Fidgeting

Frequent talking

forgetfulness

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7
Q

What do the signs and symptoms help to differentiate with in ADHD

A

Differentiate between inattentive and hyperactive type

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8
Q

What is executive function that is impaired with ADHD

A

Process involved in forward planning
-abstract reasoning
-Mental flexibility
-inhibition control
-working memory

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9
Q

How do you diagnose ADHD

A

Depends on external reports (parents / teachers/ employers etc)
*must be present in multiple settings

Should be conducted over several office visits

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10
Q

What is the DSM-5 criteria for ADHD

A

Persistent pattern of inattention +/- hyperactivity -impulsivity

Symptoms interfere with functioning

Symptoms are more pronounced than expected for developmental level

At least 6 signs and symptoms must be present

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11
Q

What are adult symptoms of ADHD and when should symptoms present

A

Difficulty concentration

Executive function impairments

mood swings

impatience

*some symptoms should present before age 12

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12
Q

What are the different screening tools that can be used to diagnose ADHD

A

Conner’s comprehensive behavior scale (age 6-18)- has 3 parts

Vanderbilt ADHD diagnostic scale (VADRS) (age 6-12)

SWAN test (age 6-17)

SNAP-IV (age 5-18)

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13
Q

When should an ECG be done with ADHD

A

Heart disease
palpitations
syncope
seizure disorders
family hx of sudden cardiac arrest
WPW syndrome
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Long QT syndrome

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14
Q

What is the first line ADHD treatment in children under 6y/o

A

Behavior management
classroom intervention
accountability / treatment goals
adequate sleep
regular physical activity

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15
Q

What are pharmacological treatment option with ADHD

A

Stimulants or non-stimulants

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16
Q

What are short acting first line stimulants for ADHD

A

Dextroamphetamine
Lisdexamfetamine
Methylphenidate
Dextromethylphenidate

17
Q

What are some non-stimulants for ADHD

A

Atomoxetine
Bupropion
Venlafaxine
TCA (imipramine)

18
Q

When are non-stimulant adjunctive agents typically used for ADHD

A

When there is a concurrent diagnosis
*tourettes

-Clonadine & Guanfacine
-Carbamazepine
-beta blockers