ADHD Flashcards
What is the etiology of ADHD
Genetic
Neurologically acquired
Environmental
* usually a combo
What is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents
ADHD
Which gender is more prone to ADHD
Boys
What are some common associated problems with ADHD
Low self esteem
conduct disorders
learning disorders
school failure
poor coordination / clumsiness
increased injury from impulsivity
what catecholamines are generally affected with ADHD
Norepi
Dopamine
What are some signs / symptoms of ADHD
Avoidance in activities that require focus
Disorganization
Fidgeting
Frequent talking
forgetfulness
What do the signs and symptoms help to differentiate with in ADHD
Differentiate between inattentive and hyperactive type
What is executive function that is impaired with ADHD
Process involved in forward planning
-abstract reasoning
-Mental flexibility
-inhibition control
-working memory
How do you diagnose ADHD
Depends on external reports (parents / teachers/ employers etc)
*must be present in multiple settings
Should be conducted over several office visits
What is the DSM-5 criteria for ADHD
Persistent pattern of inattention +/- hyperactivity -impulsivity
Symptoms interfere with functioning
Symptoms are more pronounced than expected for developmental level
At least 6 signs and symptoms must be present
What are adult symptoms of ADHD and when should symptoms present
Difficulty concentration
Executive function impairments
mood swings
impatience
*some symptoms should present before age 12
What are the different screening tools that can be used to diagnose ADHD
Conner’s comprehensive behavior scale (age 6-18)- has 3 parts
Vanderbilt ADHD diagnostic scale (VADRS) (age 6-12)
SWAN test (age 6-17)
SNAP-IV (age 5-18)
When should an ECG be done with ADHD
Heart disease
palpitations
syncope
seizure disorders
family hx of sudden cardiac arrest
WPW syndrome
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Long QT syndrome
What is the first line ADHD treatment in children under 6y/o
Behavior management
classroom intervention
accountability / treatment goals
adequate sleep
regular physical activity
What are pharmacological treatment option with ADHD
Stimulants or non-stimulants