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Clin med Psych > Anxiety, OCD, trauma > Flashcards

Anxiety, OCD, trauma Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some examples of anxiety disorders

A

Panic disorder
Social anxiety disorder
specific phobia
agoraphobia
generalized anxiety

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2
Q

What disorders do panic attacks occur with

A

Panic disorder

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3
Q

What symptoms will someone have with a panic attack

A

Tachycardia
diaphoresis
trembling/shaking

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4
Q

What is the average age of onset for a panic disorder

A

20-30

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5
Q

What biologically happens in those with a panic disorder

A

autonomic hyperactivity
heritability
heightened sensitivity for somatic symptoms

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6
Q

What is Locus coeruleus and what is its role

A

alertness

primary source of Norepi

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7
Q

What is the main DSM-5 criteria for panic disorders

A

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks

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8
Q

What is Agoraphobia

A

Fear of leaving the home

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9
Q

What are some treatments for panic disorders

A

Antidepressants
Benzos
CBT

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10
Q

How long should antidepressants be continued with panic disorders

A

1-2 years after resolution of symptoms to decrease chance of relapse

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11
Q

What are some first line SSRIs for panic disorders

A

Paroxetine (not with pregnancy)
Fluoxetine
citalopram
escitalopram
sertraline

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12
Q

What benzos can be used for panic disorders

A

Alprazolam*
Clonazepam
diazepam
lorazepam

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13
Q

What is the most common anxiety disorder

A

Phobia

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14
Q

Which gender is more effected by phobias

A

females
*often run in families

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15
Q

What is the difference between phobias in adolescents vs early adulthood

A

Before age 12 = specific phobia

Before age 25 = social anxiety disorder

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16
Q

What is a phobia

A

An irruption fear of specific object / situation / place

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17
Q

What are the three main types of phobias

A

Specific phobia
social phobia
Agoraphobia

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18
Q

What are some phobia specifiers

A

Animal
Natural environment
Blood - injection - injury
situational
other

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19
Q

What are some DSM 5 criteria for social anxiety disorder

A

Social situations related to possible scrutiny

individual fear of embarrassment/humiliations for their actions

not related to medical condition or substance use

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20
Q

What are some DSM 5 criteria for agoraphobia

A

Individual fears they may not be able to escape or help is unavailable

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21
Q

What are some treatment options for phobias

A

Desensitization
flooding (rapid / intense exposure)
CBT
Meds

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22
Q

What is the preferred first line pharmacological treatment for phobias

A

SSRIs
-paroxetine
fluoxetine
sertraline

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23
Q

What would you give someone who does not get relief from SSRIs

A

MAOIs
Benzos

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24
Q

What can you give someone who has performance anxiety

A

propanolol

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25
Q

What ethnicity has higher risk for generalized anxiety disorder

A

African Americans

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26
Q

What is generalized anxiety characterized by

A

Overwhelming worry

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27
Q

What is one of the main DSM 5 criteria for GAD

A

Excessive anxiety and worry for >6 months

involves 1 or more areas of life

28
Q

What is the treatment for GAD

A

Control symptoms
-CBT
-Meds (antidepressants / anxiolytics)

29
Q

What is a long acting anxiolytic that can be used for GAD

A

Buspirone

30
Q

When does OCD generally present

A

Usually early teens -20s and generally before age 30

31
Q

What abnormalities are seen in the brain with OCD

A

Abnormalities in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex

32
Q

What characteristics are seen with obsessions

A

Recurrent / intrusive thoughts
cause significant distress
Follow common themes around the world

33
Q

What are some common obsessions

A

Germs/contamination
doubting
orderliness
sexual thoughts
somatic
concern about hurting self / others

34
Q

What are characteristics of compulsions

A

repetitive intentional behaviors
aimed at relieving obsession
cause significant distress
rigid behavior

35
Q

What are some common compulsions

A

hand washing / cleaning
double checking
counting
seeking / demanding reassurance
organizing
following strict routine

36
Q

What are some DSM 5 writers for OCD

A

Presence of obsession, compulsion, or both
obsessions / compulsions are time consuming
Not due to substance

37
Q

What are specifiers of OCD

A

Good insight
poor insight
absent insight / delusional belief
Tic-related

38
Q

What is body dysmorphic disorder often associated with

A

Social phobia
major depression
suicide

39
Q

What is body dysmorphic disorder generally associated with

A

Social phobia
major depression
suicide

40
Q

What is body dysmorphia characterized by

A

preoccupation with perceived physical flaw

Significant associated embarrassment

appears excessive to those around patient

Often involves facial characteristic

41
Q

What are common symptoms with body dysmorphia

A

Compulsive mirror checking
compulsive grooming
comparing to others
soliciting reassurance

42
Q

What are some DSM 5 criteria for body dysmorphia

A

Preoccupation with 1+ physical flaw

Preoccupation causes significant distress

no better explained by another disorder (eating disorder)

43
Q

What are some specifiers for body dysmorphia

A

good or fair insight
poor insight
absent insight / delusional beliefs

44
Q

What are some treatment for body dysmorphia

A

CBT
SSRI
Surgical intervention *NOT RECOMMENDED

45
Q

What is trichotillomania

A

Hair pulling disorder
-will sometimes chew and swallow pulled out hair
-Females&raquo_space; males

46
Q

What are some DSM 5 for trichotillomania

A

Recurrent hair pulling leading to hair loss

Repeated attempts to quit

no attributable medical condition

**diagnosis of exclusion

47
Q

What is the treatment for trichotillomania

A

Habit reversal (Conditioning / barrier)
CBT
Medications (SSRI / TCA)

48
Q

What are some DSM 5 criteria for hoarding

A

difficulty getting rid of possessions regardless of value

Associated perceived need to save items

significant distress when getting rid of items

accumulation of stuff impacts living environment

49
Q

What is some treatment for hoarding

A

CBT
SSRI
Enlisting personal organizers

50
Q

What are some stressor related disorders

A

PTSD
Adjustment disorder

51
Q

What can trigger an adjustment disorder

A

Relationship trouble
Health trouble
Financial trouble

52
Q

Who is at highest risk for adjustment disorders

A

Single women in their 20s

53
Q

What are some DSM 5 criteria of Adjustment disorder

A

Symptoms generally begin within 3 months of stressor onset

NOT part of normal berievment

symptoms resolve within 6 months

54
Q

What are some specifiers of adjustment disorder

A

Depressed mood
anxiety
disturbance of conduct (more in kids)

55
Q

What is the treatment for adjustment disorder

A

Mainstay is psychotherapy
*can have medication for symptomatic treatment

56
Q

What are the risk factors for PTSD

A

Age
History of psych illness
Level of social support
Severity & duration of stressor
Low SES
Family hx of depression

57
Q

What are some events known to lead to PTSD

A

Domestic violence
Major incidents
Military
Sexual assault
childhood abuse / neglect
Mass casualty
being threatened w/ weapon
burglary / muggings
events around death of a loved one

58
Q

What is the etiology of PTSD

A

Disruption of neurotransmitters (NE/5HT/DA)
other psych disruptions
endocrine dysfunction

59
Q

What are some characteristics of PTSD

A

Exposure to significant event that is not part of average human experience

Reliving trauma

emotional changes

hyper-reactivity

60
Q

What are some DSM 5 criteria of PTSD

A

Exposure to actual/threatened death, injury, sexual violence

1+ recurrent associated symptoms

Negative changes in cognition and mood

Symptoms for longer than a month

61
Q

What are some specifiers of PTSD

A

Dissociative symptoms (depersonalization, derealization)

delayed expression

62
Q

What is some PTSD treatment

A

Psychotherapy
medications (SSRI first line)
-prazosin for nightmares
-Benzos for acute anxiety

63
Q

What is dissociation

A

response to significant stress

unconscious defense mechanism

64
Q

What is depersonalization

A

feeling as though youre looking at yourself from the outside

Feeling like youre living a dream

Feeling like youre not in control of yourself

65
Q

What is derealization

A

Feeling disconnected from your environment

feeling completely emotionally cut off

seeing your surrounding differently

distorted perception of time

66
Q

What is dissociative amnesia

A

Most common dissociative disorder

patient unable to recall specific memories (usually traumatic)

Symptoms terminate abruptly

*women effected more than men

67
Q

What is dissociate fugue

A

Subtype of dissociative amnesia

inability to recall ones past

know what happened pre and post fugue but don’t know what happened during fugue

Clin med Psych (10 decks)

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