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Psychology Paper 3 > Schizophrenia Key Words > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A severe mental disorder where contact with reality and insight are impaired

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2
Q

Classification

A

The process of organising symptoms into categories based on which symptoms frequently cluster together

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3
Q

Diagnosis

A

The identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms

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4
Q

DSM-5

A

The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th edition)

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5
Q

ICD-10

A

International classification of diseases (10th addition)

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6
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Atypical symptoms experienced in addition to normal experiences

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7
Q

Hallucinations

A

Sensory experiences that have either no basis in reality or are distorted perceptions of things that are there

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8
Q

Delusions

A

Beliefs that have no basis in reality

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9
Q

Negative symptoms

A

A typical experiences that represent the loss of an usual experience

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10
Q

Speech poverty

A

Reduced frequency and quality of speech

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11
Q

Avolition

A

Loss of motivation to carry out tasks and results in lowered activity levels

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12
Q

Reliability

A

Concerns the consistency of, in this case, diagnosis

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13
Q

Validity

A

Concerns the accuracy of, in this case, diagnosis

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14
Q

Co-morbidity

A

The occurrence of two disorders or conditions together. Where two conditions are frequently diagnosed together it calls into question the validity of classifying the two disorders seperately

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15
Q

Symptom overlap

A

When two or more conditions share the same symptoms. Where two conditions share the same symptoms it calls into questions the validity of classifying the two disorders separately

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16
Q

Gender bias

A

The tendency for diagnostic criteria to be applied differently to males and females

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17
Q

Culture bias

A

The tendency to over diagnose members of other cultures as having in this case schizophrenia

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18
Q

Genetic explanations

A

A biological theory that sees genes inherited from one’s ancestors as forming the basis for in this case schizophrenia

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19
Q

Candidate genes

A

Specific genes that relate to a particular trait in this case schizophrenia

20
Q

Aetiologically heterogeneous

A

Several different combinations of genes can lead to in this case schizophrenia

21
Q

Concordance rate

A

A measure of similarity usually expressed as a percentage between two individuals or two sets of individuals on a given trait in this case schizophrenia

22
Q

Polygenic

A

When a characteristic in this case schizophrenia is influenced by two or more genes

23
Q

Neural correlates

A

Structural and functional changes in the brain that result in the characteristic symptoms of a behaviour or mental disorder in this case schizophrenia

24
Q

Dopamine

A

A neurotransmitter that generally has an excitatory effect and is linked to the sensation of pleasure

25
Q

Hyperdopaminergic

A

High levels of dopamine activity

26
Q

Hypodopaminergic

A

Low levels of dopamine activity

27
Q

Family dysfunction

A

Refers to the process within a family that are dysfunctional eg impaired. These may be risk factors for both the development and the maintenance of schizophrenia

28
Q

Schizophrenogenic mother

A

“Schizophrenic causing” mother who is cold rejecting and controlling

29
Q

Double bind situations

A

Social interactions in which an individual is repeatedly exposed to conflicting instructions without having the opportunity to adequately respond to those instructions or to ignore them

30
Q

Expressed emotion

A

The level of emotion (usually negative) expressed towards a person with schizophrenia by their family members or carers

31
Q

Cognitive explanations

A

Focus on mental processes (such as thinking, language and attention) as underpinning behaviour in this care schizophrenia

32
Q

Dysfunctional thought processing

A

Information processing that does not represent reality accurately and produces undesirable consequences

33
Q

Metacognition

A

The cognitive monitoring of one’s own thought processes

34
Q

Central control

A

The cognitive ability to suppress automatic responses while performing deliberate actions

35
Q

Drug therapy

A

Treatment of mental disorders such as schizophrenia using medication to reduce the symptoms of the disorder

36
Q

Typical antipsychotics

A

Dopamine antagonists; they bind but do not stimulate dopamine receptors. They work together to reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia

37
Q

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

A

A method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques. It aims to deal with thinking such as challenging negative thoughts and beliefs and changing behaviour as a response

38
Q

Family therapy

A

A psychological therapy carried out with all or come members of a family with the aim of improving the communications within the family

39
Q

Token economy programmes

A

A form of behavioural modification where desirable behaviours are encouraged by the use of selective reinforcement

40
Q

Primary reinforcer

A

“Things” that are innately reinforcing such as food or warmth

41
Q

Secondary reinforcer

A

A stimulus (token) that reinforces a behaviour after it has been associated with a primary reinforcer (reward)

42
Q

Institutionalisation

A

The effects of living in a hospital for a prolonged period

43
Q

Interactionist approach

A

A broad approach to explaining behaviour, which acknowledges that a range of factors including biological and psychological factors are involved in the development of a disorder

44
Q

Diathesis stress model

A

An interactionist approach to explaining behaviour that focuses on both an u darling vunerablility and a trigger, both of which are necessary for the onset of a disorder

45
Q

Diathesis

A

An underlying vulnerability that can be triggered by a stress resulting in the development of disorder

46
Q

Stress

A

A trigger which interacts with an underlying vulnerability resulting in the development of disorder

Psychology Paper 3 (8 decks)

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