Schizophrenia - Diagnosis And Classification Flashcards
What is schizophrenia
patients cannot distinguish between reality and their own imagination
What are positive symptoms
Hallucinations
Delusions
What are negative symptoms
Speech poverty
Avolition
Explain Hallucinations
sensory experience that has no place in reality
Give an example of a hallucination
Hearing voices
Explain delusions
thoughts that have no place in reality
Give an example of a delusion
may believe the CIA is tracking them
Explain speech poverty
inability to produce clear and coherent speech difficult to understand and may change the topic of conversation suddenly without there being a clear reason
Explain Avolition
lack of motivation and can involve patient failing to wash themselves regularly not attending work/school
How is schizophrenia diagnosed
Criteria in the DSM or ICD both include positive and negative symptoms but do differ slightly in the DSM it is essential that a a patient has 1 positive symptom to be diagnosed but in the ICD you need to have 2 or more negative symptoms and the ICD has subtypes which were removed from the DSM-V
What does DSM stand for
diagnostic and statistical manual
What does ICD stand for
international classification of disease
Who is the DSM published by
American psychiatric association on its 5th edition
Who is the ICD published by
world health organisation on its 10th edition
What are 2 problems of diagnosis in reliability not full explanation
research has been found to suggest that it is not reliable
DSM and ICD are always revised
Explain further research has been found to suggest that it is not reliable in the diagnosis of schizophrenia
Cheniaux 2009 has 2 psychiatrist diagnos 100 cases using ICD and DSM and found little agreement between them one diagnosed 26 with SZ according to DSM and 44 according to ICD and the other diagnosed 13 to DSM and 24 to ICD
Explain why DSM and ICD are always revised as a problem in diagnosis
Each time a new edition is brought out the criteria for diagnosis change meaning a patient may be diagnosed but then the criteria changes and they may not meet the criteria
What is criterion validity used for
check accuracy of diagnosis so if we get the same diagnosis from DSM and ICD it is valid
Why is the diagnosis not valid
In the cheniaux et al study more diagnosis was using the ICD the the DSM telling us we are either over diagnosing ICD or under diagnosing DSM - low validity
How is the DSM and ICD ethnocentric
both western ideas of ideal mental health and cultural norms differ meaning it would be hard to judge is behaviour from eastern culture was normal meaning it lacks external validity
apart from the cheniaux study why is the validity questionable
co-morbidity where around half of patients also have depression or substance abuse so we need to consider that what we consider to be separate disorders my be one indicating the diagnosis of disorders isn’t valid
What is co-morbility
when 2 or more conditions occur together
What is another factor other than co-morbility and the cheniaux study that effects validity of diagnosis of SZ
some disorder share symptoms such as bipolar and SZ such as delusions however this is only in mental illness as diagnosing medical conditions one symptom is usually in many disorders
