Schizophrenia - Diagnosis And Classification

Question 1

What is schizophrenia

Answer 1

patients cannot distinguish between reality and their own imagination

Question 2

What are positive symptoms

Answer 2

Hallucinations

Delusions

Question 3

What are negative symptoms

Answer 3

Speech poverty

Avolition

Question 4

Explain Hallucinations

Answer 4

sensory experience that has no place in reality

Question 5

Give an example of a hallucination

Answer 5

Hearing voices

Question 6

Explain delusions

Answer 6

thoughts that have no place in reality

Question 7

Give an example of a delusion

Answer 7

may believe the CIA is tracking them

Question 8

Explain speech poverty

Answer 8

inability to produce clear and coherent speech difficult to understand and may change the topic of conversation suddenly without there being a clear reason

Question 9

Explain Avolition

Answer 9

lack of motivation and can involve patient failing to wash themselves regularly not attending work/school

Question 10

How is schizophrenia diagnosed

Answer 10

Criteria in the DSM or ICD both include positive and negative symptoms but do differ slightly in the DSM it is essential that a a patient has 1 positive symptom to be diagnosed but in the ICD you need to have 2 or more negative symptoms and the ICD has subtypes which were removed from the DSM-V

Question 11

What does DSM stand for

Answer 11

diagnostic and statistical manual

Question 12

What does ICD stand for

Answer 12

international classification of disease

Question 13

Who is the DSM published by

Answer 13

American psychiatric association on its 5th edition

Question 14

Who is the ICD published by

Answer 14

world health organisation on its 10th edition

Question 15

What are 2 problems of diagnosis in reliability not full explanation

Answer 15

research has been found to suggest that it is not reliable

DSM and ICD are always revised

Question 16

Explain further research has been found to suggest that it is not reliable in the diagnosis of schizophrenia

Answer 16

Cheniaux 2009 has 2 psychiatrist diagnos 100 cases using ICD and DSM and found little agreement between them one diagnosed 26 with SZ according to DSM and 44 according to ICD and the other diagnosed 13 to DSM and 24 to ICD

Question 17

Explain why DSM and ICD are always revised as a problem in diagnosis

Answer 17

Each time a new edition is brought out the criteria for diagnosis change meaning a patient may be diagnosed but then the criteria changes and they may not meet the criteria

Question 18

What is criterion validity used for

Answer 18

check accuracy of diagnosis so if we get the same diagnosis from DSM and ICD it is valid

Question 19

Why is the diagnosis not valid

Answer 19

In the cheniaux et al study more diagnosis was using the ICD the the DSM telling us we are either over diagnosing ICD or under diagnosing DSM - low validity

Question 20

How is the DSM and ICD ethnocentric

Answer 20

both western ideas of ideal mental health and cultural norms differ meaning it would be hard to judge is behaviour from eastern culture was normal meaning it lacks external validity

Question 21

apart from the cheniaux study why is the validity questionable

Answer 21

co-morbidity where around half of patients also have depression or substance abuse so we need to consider that what we consider to be separate disorders my be one indicating the diagnosis of disorders isn’t valid

Question 22

What is co-morbility

Answer 22

when 2 or more conditions occur together

Question 23

What is another factor other than co-morbility and the cheniaux study that effects validity of diagnosis of SZ

Answer 23

some disorder share symptoms such as bipolar and SZ such as delusions however this is only in mental illness as diagnosing medical conditions one symptom is usually in many disorders