Aggression - Institutional aggression

Question 1

Explain the deprivation model

Answer 1

prisons are violent because they are cramped noisy places with no personal security avaliable

Question 2

Explain the importation model

Answer 2

prisons are violent places because that is where we put all of our most violent and antisocial people

Question 3

Who looked at the deprivation model

Answer 3

Sykes

Question 4

What did Sykes argue

Answer 4

The conditions of most prisons are such that anybody who stays in them is likely to become more violent or at least to become isolated and antisocial

Question 5

Why do the conditions of prisons likely to become more violent according to Sykes

Answer 5

Because of the five deprivations:
security 
liberty
autonomy 
goods and services 
heterosexual relationships

Question 6

explain the security deprivation according to Sykes

Answer 6

prisons are not safe from other inmates or guards

Question 7

explain the liberty deprivation according to Sykes

Answer 7

you give up a lot of freedom such as freedom of movement

Question 8

explain the autonomy deprivation according to Sykes

Answer 8

you are no longer in control of day to day life such as eating

Question 9

explain the goods and services deprivation according to Sykes

Answer 9

you lose out on basic goods and services such as mobile phone use or services such as going to the cinema

Question 10

explain the heterosexual relationships deprivation according to Sykes

Answer 10

it is impossible to carry out these relationships in prison and this can challenge inmates pride and cause

Question 11

In the deprivation model what are three characteristics which effect aggression

Answer 11

over crowding
heat and noise
job burnout

Question 12

Give a study to explain overcrowding

Answer 12

Yuma 2010

Question 13

what did yuma find

Answer 13

that even if you controlled for other conditions, overcrowding had a clear effect on prison violence and aggression

Question 14

who looked at effect of noise and heat

Answer 14

Griffit and Veitch 1971

Question 15

What did Griffit and Veitch 1971 find

Answer 15

temperature and noise had a negative emotions was found in a study of students

Question 16

Explain job burnout as a factor which effects aggression in the deprivation model

Answer 16

Prison staff who have become overworked and stressed to the point they don’t care for their job which causes problems with their relationship with inmates leading to more violence

Question 17

Who looked at the importation model

Answer 17

Irwin and Cressey

Question 18

What are key determining factors in the importation model

Answer 18

Gang membership

Anger, anti-social personality style and impulsivity

low self-control

Question 19

Is the importation model dispositional or situational

Answer 19

dispositional

Question 20

What does the importation model focus on

Answer 20

pre existing characteristics of inmates to explain violence and accounts for their own culture - respect - own code

Question 21

Explain gang membership as a dispositional factor using two studies

Answer 21

Allender and marcell 2003

Drury and Delsi 2001

Question 22

What did Allender and marcell 2003 find

Answer 22

gang members engage in significantly more acts of prison violence than non gang members

Question 23

What did Drury and Delsi 2001 fin

Answer 23

inmates who were gang members prior to incarceration were more likely to murder, take hostages and commit assault with a deadly weapon

Question 24

Explain Anger, anti-social personality style and impulsivity with a study

Answer 24

Wang and Diamond 1999 they were better predictions of violence than ethnicity and type of offence committed - of the three, anger was the bet predictor in aggression in prisons

Question 25

Explain low self control as a dispositional factor from the importation model of aggression

Answer 25

being able to control yourself is a good indicator of success in most areas of like including education and so in prisons if you lack self control you are more likely to loose your temper quickly and so become more violent with little warning

Question 26

What are the two researchers used to evaluate the deprivation model

Answer 26

Delisi 2004 - those who were already in gangs prior were no more likely to commit assaults on other inmates

McCorkle 1995

Question 27

What did McCorkle 1995 do

Answer 27

conducted a major study of 371 prisons and found their was a relationship between overcrowding, lack of privacy and lack of meaningful activity and the amount of assaults carried out between between inmates and by inmates on staff

Question 28

What are two researchers for the importation model to evaluate it

Answer 28

Mears 2013

Harer and Steffensmeier 1996

Question 29

What did Mears 2013 do

Answer 29

a seven point self report scale to determine how much an inmate believes in the streets code system - not being a snitch
controlled family background, neighbourhood etc

Question 30

What did Mears 2013 find

Answer 30

the belief in street code increased the chances of violence in prison and this was emphasised in inmates who did not have good family links and were already members of gang prior to going to prisons

Question 31

What di Harer and Steffensmeier 1996 do and find

Answer 31

studies 24000 inmates across 58 prisons in the US found that race, age and criminal history were the most important predictors of prison violence whereas non of the situational factors were significant

Question 32

Who looked at real world application for the importation and deprivation models

Answer 32

Prison Governor Davis Wilson 2010

Question 33

What did Prison Governor Davis Wilson 2010 do

Answer 33

set up 2 units in his prison which took some of their worst prisoners and gave them a new room with a viewless crowded,have AC not noisy and found assaults on prison staff were eradicated at this time

Question 34

What does Prison Governor Davis Wilson 2010 support

Answer 34

deprivation model