Aggression - Institutional aggression Flashcards
Explain the deprivation model
prisons are violent because they are cramped noisy places with no personal security avaliable
Explain the importation model
prisons are violent places because that is where we put all of our most violent and antisocial people
Who looked at the deprivation model
Sykes
What did Sykes argue
The conditions of most prisons are such that anybody who stays in them is likely to become more violent or at least to become isolated and antisocial
Why do the conditions of prisons likely to become more violent according to Sykes
Because of the five deprivations: security liberty autonomy goods and services heterosexual relationships
explain the security deprivation according to Sykes
prisons are not safe from other inmates or guards
explain the liberty deprivation according to Sykes
you give up a lot of freedom such as freedom of movement
explain the autonomy deprivation according to Sykes
you are no longer in control of day to day life such as eating
explain the goods and services deprivation according to Sykes
you lose out on basic goods and services such as mobile phone use or services such as going to the cinema
explain the heterosexual relationships deprivation according to Sykes
it is impossible to carry out these relationships in prison and this can challenge inmates pride and cause
In the deprivation model what are three characteristics which effect aggression
over crowding
heat and noise
job burnout
Give a study to explain overcrowding
Yuma 2010
what did yuma find
that even if you controlled for other conditions, overcrowding had a clear effect on prison violence and aggression
who looked at effect of noise and heat
Griffit and Veitch 1971
What did Griffit and Veitch 1971 find
temperature and noise had a negative emotions was found in a study of students
Explain job burnout as a factor which effects aggression in the deprivation model
Prison staff who have become overworked and stressed to the point they don’t care for their job which causes problems with their relationship with inmates leading to more violence
Who looked at the importation model
Irwin and Cressey
What are key determining factors in the importation model
Gang membership
Anger, anti-social personality style and impulsivity
low self-control
Is the importation model dispositional or situational
dispositional
What does the importation model focus on
pre existing characteristics of inmates to explain violence and accounts for their own culture - respect - own code
Explain gang membership as a dispositional factor using two studies
Allender and marcell 2003
Drury and Delsi 2001
What did Allender and marcell 2003 find
gang members engage in significantly more acts of prison violence than non gang members
What did Drury and Delsi 2001 fin
inmates who were gang members prior to incarceration were more likely to murder, take hostages and commit assault with a deadly weapon
Explain Anger, anti-social personality style and impulsivity with a study
Wang and Diamond 1999 they were better predictions of violence than ethnicity and type of offence committed - of the three, anger was the bet predictor in aggression in prisons
Explain low self control as a dispositional factor from the importation model of aggression
being able to control yourself is a good indicator of success in most areas of like including education and so in prisons if you lack self control you are more likely to loose your temper quickly and so become more violent with little warning
What are the two researchers used to evaluate the deprivation model
Delisi 2004 - those who were already in gangs prior were no more likely to commit assaults on other inmates
McCorkle 1995
What did McCorkle 1995 do
conducted a major study of 371 prisons and found their was a relationship between overcrowding, lack of privacy and lack of meaningful activity and the amount of assaults carried out between between inmates and by inmates on staff
What are two researchers for the importation model to evaluate it
Mears 2013
Harer and Steffensmeier 1996
What did Mears 2013 do
a seven point self report scale to determine how much an inmate believes in the streets code system - not being a snitch
controlled family background, neighbourhood etc
What did Mears 2013 find
the belief in street code increased the chances of violence in prison and this was emphasised in inmates who did not have good family links and were already members of gang prior to going to prisons
What di Harer and Steffensmeier 1996 do and find
studies 24000 inmates across 58 prisons in the US found that race, age and criminal history were the most important predictors of prison violence whereas non of the situational factors were significant
Who looked at real world application for the importation and deprivation models
Prison Governor Davis Wilson 2010
What did Prison Governor Davis Wilson 2010 do
set up 2 units in his prison which took some of their worst prisoners and gave them a new room with a viewless crowded,have AC not noisy and found assaults on prison staff were eradicated at this time
What does Prison Governor Davis Wilson 2010 support
deprivation model
