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S3 Case 2 - Mental Health > Schizophrenia: Case Study > Flashcards

Schizophrenia: Case Study Flashcards

1
Q

What are the examples of positive symptoms?

A

Hallucinations
Delusions
Disorganised speech
Unusual behaviour
Agitation

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2
Q

What are examples of negative symptoms?

A

Alogia
Lack of socialisation
Avolition = lack of motivation
Psychomotor retardation
Loss of emotional connectedness
Loss of executive functions

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3
Q

What is alogia?

A

Poverty of speech

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4
Q

What are examples of 1st generation antipsychotics?

A

Haloperidol
Chlorpromazine
Trifluoperazine

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5
Q

What do 1st antipsychotics target?

A

All target D2 receptors

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6
Q

What are examples of 2nd generation antipsychotics?

A

Olanzapine
Clozapine
Aripiprazole
Quetiapine
Risperidone

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7
Q

If they block histamine, what side effect will they have?

A

Sedation

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8
Q

What are examples of extrapyramidal symptoms (ESP)?

A

Dystonia
Tardive dyskinesia
Akathisia

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9
Q

What is dystonia?

A

Involuntary muscle spams

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10
Q

What is tardive dyskinesia?

A

Involuntary movement of the jaw (irreversible)

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11
Q

What is akathisia?

A

Restlessness

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12
Q

What are the side effects of antipsychotics?

A

Sedation
EPS
Anticholinergic
Increase prolactin
Weight gain
Orthostasis

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13
Q

What do you need to monitor for 2nd generation antipsychotics?

A

Weight gain
Waist circumference
BP
Fasting plasma glucose
Fasting lipids

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14
Q

What is clozapine indicated for?

A

Treatment-resistant schizophrenic

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15
Q

What is treatment-resistant schizophrenia?

A

Lack of satisfactory clinical improvement after the use of at least 2 antipsychotics, at adequate doses

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16
Q

What is the risk clozapine?

A

Developing neutropenia + agranulocytosis

17
Q

What are some adverse effects of clozapine?

A

Constipation
Drooling
Myocarditis
Seizures

18
Q

What can drooling be combatted with?

A

Hyoscine patch

19
Q

What is clozapine-induced myocarditis?

A

Inflammation of the heart muscle
Seen in first 12 weeks of treatment

20
Q

Why does clozapine cause constipation?

A

Anti-muscarinic drug

21
Q

Can you stop smoking if you take clozapine?

A

Cigarettes induce CYP12A
Which decreases the dose of clozapine
If stopped = increased dose = toxicity

22
Q
A

S3 Case 2 - Mental Health (15 decks)

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