Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

S3 Case 2 - Mental Health > Parkinson's Disease: Pathology + Pharmacology > Flashcards

Parkinson's Disease: Pathology + Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms?

A

Tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia
Depression
REM sleep behaviour disorder
Pain
Gait instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 main symptoms?

A

Tremor
Bradykinesia
Rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does the tremor appear + disappear?

A

Tremor at rest
Disappears with voluntary movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an example of a tremor?

A

Pill rolling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is bradykinesia?

A

Slowness in planning, initiating + executing movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is rigidity?

A

Stiffness + resistance to limb movement caused by increased muscle tone
= excessive + continuous contraction
= joint pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the pathology of PD

A

Degeneration of dopaminergic neurones
= diminished substantia nigra
= less pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens in normal dopamine levels?

A

Dopamine is released from substantia nigra
Acts on putamen
Acts on thalamus
Which controls inhibitor neurones (GABA)
+ excitatory neurones on thalamus promotes movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is present in PD?

A

Impairment + loss of myelinated dopaminergic neurons
Accumulation of Lewy bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the affected dopamine pathways?

A

Nigrostriatal
Mesocortical
Mesolimbic
Tubero-infundibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the main dopamine pathway affected?

A

Nigrostriatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Is there a cure for PD?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the aim of PD treatment?

A

To increase dopamine neurotransmission in striatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why does Levodopa have to be given with Carbidopa?

A

Because L-DOPA can cross BBB
BUT only 1-3% reaches brain as rest being decarboxylated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Carbidopa?

A

DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Benserazide?

A

DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor unable to cross BBB
= reduce peripheral effect of dopamine

17
Q

What can happen with the chronic use of of Levodopa?

A

Dyskinesia
End of dose deterioration function

18
Q

What is dyskinesia?

A

Uncontrolled movement

19
Q

What is the end of dose deterioration?

A

1st 5 years fine
BUT afterwards body can show resistance = symptoms show before next dose

20
Q

What is the 2nd line treatment?

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

21
Q

Describe monoamine oxidase

A

Responsible for metabolism of dopamine
2 forms = MAOa + MAOb

22
Q

What is an example of a MAOb inhibitor?

A

Selegiline

23
Q

What does Selegiline do?

A

Blocks metabolism of DA
Increases DA content of synaptic vesicles

24
Q

What is COMT?

A

Catecholamine-o-methyl transferase

25
Q

What does COMT do?

A

Breaks down catecholamines, including dopamine + L-DOPA

26
Q

What does COMT inhibitors do?

A

Increase amount of dopamine

27
Q

What is an example of COMT inhibitors?

A

Entacapone
Tolcapone

28
Q

What is COMT inhibitors given with?

A

L-DOPA

29
Q
A

S3 Case 2 - Mental Health (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions