Schizophrenia - biological explanations Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the genetic basis of SZ

A
  • family studies
  • candidate genes
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2
Q

what are family studies

A

Gottesman
- someone with an aunt who has SZ has 2% chance
- with a sibling = 9%
- identical twin = 48%

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3
Q

what are candidate genes

A

Ripke et al (2014)
- data from genome studies
- genetic makeup of 37,000 with SZ compared to a control of 113,000
- 108 separate genetic variations were associated with a risk of SZ
- aetiologically heterogenous

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4
Q

what is the strength of genetic basis

A

Tinerai et al (2004)
- adoption study
- biological children of parents who have SZ were at high risk even if they had been adopted

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5
Q

what is the limitation of genetic basis

A
  • environmental factors also influence
  • psychological risk factors - childhood trauma leaves people more vulnerable to mental health problems
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6
Q

what are neural correlates

A
  • brain structure or function
  • dopamine
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7
Q

what is the dopamine hypothesis

A
  • low DA in prefrontal cortex explain cognitive problems - negative symptoms
  • cortical hypodopaminergic leads to subcortical hypodopaminergic - high levels of dopamine
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8
Q

what is the strength on neural correlates

A
  • amphetamines increase DA and worsen symptoms in people with SZ and induce symptoms in people without
  • antipsychotic drugs reduce DA activity and reduce intensity of symptoms
  • DA involved in symptoms of SZ
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9
Q

what is the limitation of neural correlates

A
  • post mortem and live scanning studies have found raised levels of NT glutamate in brain regions of people with SZ
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