Forensics - The bottom up approach Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the bottom up approach

A
  • profilers work from the evidence collected from the crime to develop hypotheses about likely characteristics, motivations and social background
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2
Q

what is investigative psychology

A
  • matches details from the crime scene with statistical analysis of typical offender behaviour patterns
  • establish patterns of behaviour that are likely to develop
  • details matched against the database to reveal information about the offender
  • interpersonal coherence - the way an offender behaves at the scene
  • time + place significance - where the offender is living
  • criminal career - no.times a crime was committed
  • forensic awareness - individuals who have been at the subject of a police interrogation
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3
Q

what are the steps of investigate psychology

A

Key psychological principles - Canter 1994
- establish behaviour patterns
- develop statistical database
- interpersonal coherence
- time and place significance
- forensic awareness

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4
Q

what is geographical profiling

A
  • based on the principle of spatial consistency = an offenders operational base and possible future offences are revealed by location of previous crimes
  • centre of gravity = spatial pattern of an offender
  • Jeopardy surface = made educational guess where the offender strikes next
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5
Q

what is the strength of investigative psychology

A

Canter and Heritage
- conducted analysis of 66 sexual assault cases using small space analysis
- several samples of behaviour established as common
- helps to establish whether 2 or more offences are linked

  • applied to a wide range of offences
  • more scientific than top down
  • useful in 88% of cases
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6
Q

what is the limitation of investigative psychology

A

Copson
- only useful in 3% of cases

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7
Q

what is the strength of geographical profiling

A

Lundrigan and Canter
- collated information from 120 murder cases
- smallest space analysis revealed spatial awareness and consistency in 1 killer
- location of each body disposal site started a centre of gravity
- offenders start from their home base and go in different directions each time they dump a body

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8
Q

what is the limitation of geographical profiling

A
  • reliant on quality of data the police can provide
  • recording of crime isn’t always accurate
  • Ainsworth = other factors are just as important in creating a profile
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