Schizophrenia And Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term psychosis used to describe?

A

Severe form of mental illness
Lack of insight
An inability to distinguish between symptoms of delusion, hallucination and disordered thinking from reality

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2
Q

What is the clinical presentation of psychosis?

A
Hallucinations:
Have the full force and clarity of true perception, 
Located in external space, 
No external stimulus, 
Not willed or controlled
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3
Q

What senses are involved in hallucinations?

A

Auditory,
Visual,
Tactile,
Olfactory and gustatory

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4
Q

What is a delusion?

A

An unshakeable idea or belief which is out of keeping with the persons social and cultural background and is held with extraordinary conviction

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5
Q

Examples of delusional beliefs

A

Grandiose,
Paranoid,
Hypochondriacal,
Self referential

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6
Q

Illnesses that can have psychosis

A

Schizophrenia,
Delirium,
Severe affective disorder (eg depressive episode or manic episode with psychotic symptoms)

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7
Q

What is schizophrenia

A

A severe mental illness affecting thinking, emotion and behaviour

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8
Q

Age of onset of schizophrenia

A

15-35 years

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9
Q

Schizophrenia symptoms

A
Hallucinations, 
Delusions,
Disordered thinking, 
Apathy, 
Lack of interest, 
Lack of emotions
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10
Q

Schizophrenia diagnosis from ICD 10 requires one of the following for more than a month in absence of organic or affective disorder

A

Alienation of thought,
Delusions of control,
Hallucinatory voices- from parts of body or running commentary of patients behaviour,
Persistent delusions- culturally inappropriate and completely impossible

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11
Q

Schizophrenia diagnosis from ICD 10 requires one major criteria or at least 2 of….

A

Persistent hallucinations- every day for at least one month,
Neologisms- breaks or interpolations in train of thought = incoherence or irrelevant speech
Catatonic behaviour
“Negative” symptoms- apathy, paucity of speech, blunting or incongruity of emotional responses

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12
Q

Types of schizophrenia

A
Paranoid, 
Hebephrenic, 
Catatonic, 
Undifferentiated, 
Post-schizophrenic depression,
Residual,
Simple,
Other
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13
Q

Biological factors that can affect schizophrenia

A
Genetics:
CF,
Neuregulin, 
Dysbindin, 
Di George syndrome 
Neurochemistry:
Dopamine hypothesis,
Glutamate,
GABA,
Serotoninergic transmission
Other:
Obstetric complications, 
Maternal influenza,
Malnutrition and famine, 
Winter birth, 
Substance misuse
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14
Q

Social and psychosocial factors that can increase risk of schizophrenia

A

Migration,
Social isolation,
Life events

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15
Q

Differential diagnoses for schizophrenia

A

Delirium,
Acute organic brain syndrome,
Depressive episode with psychotic symptoms,
Manic episode with psychotic symptoms,
Schizoaffective disorder- mix of affective and schizophrenia life features

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16
Q

What % of people recovery after first episode of psychosis

A

80%

17
Q

Good prognostic factors for recovery from schizophrenia

A
Absence of FH,
Good premorbid function, 
Clear precipitant,
Acute onset, 
Mood disturbance, 
Prompt treatment,
Maintenance of initiative and motivation