Schizophrenia And Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
What is the term psychosis used to describe?
Severe form of mental illness
Lack of insight
An inability to distinguish between symptoms of delusion, hallucination and disordered thinking from reality
What is the clinical presentation of psychosis?
Hallucinations: Have the full force and clarity of true perception, Located in external space, No external stimulus, Not willed or controlled
What senses are involved in hallucinations?
Auditory,
Visual,
Tactile,
Olfactory and gustatory
What is a delusion?
An unshakeable idea or belief which is out of keeping with the persons social and cultural background and is held with extraordinary conviction
Examples of delusional beliefs
Grandiose,
Paranoid,
Hypochondriacal,
Self referential
Illnesses that can have psychosis
Schizophrenia,
Delirium,
Severe affective disorder (eg depressive episode or manic episode with psychotic symptoms)
What is schizophrenia
A severe mental illness affecting thinking, emotion and behaviour
Age of onset of schizophrenia
15-35 years
Schizophrenia symptoms
Hallucinations, Delusions, Disordered thinking, Apathy, Lack of interest, Lack of emotions
Schizophrenia diagnosis from ICD 10 requires one of the following for more than a month in absence of organic or affective disorder
Alienation of thought,
Delusions of control,
Hallucinatory voices- from parts of body or running commentary of patients behaviour,
Persistent delusions- culturally inappropriate and completely impossible
Schizophrenia diagnosis from ICD 10 requires one major criteria or at least 2 of….
Persistent hallucinations- every day for at least one month,
Neologisms- breaks or interpolations in train of thought = incoherence or irrelevant speech
Catatonic behaviour
“Negative” symptoms- apathy, paucity of speech, blunting or incongruity of emotional responses
Types of schizophrenia
Paranoid, Hebephrenic, Catatonic, Undifferentiated, Post-schizophrenic depression, Residual, Simple, Other
Biological factors that can affect schizophrenia
Genetics: CF, Neuregulin, Dysbindin, Di George syndrome
Neurochemistry: Dopamine hypothesis, Glutamate, GABA, Serotoninergic transmission
Other: Obstetric complications, Maternal influenza, Malnutrition and famine, Winter birth, Substance misuse
Social and psychosocial factors that can increase risk of schizophrenia
Migration,
Social isolation,
Life events
Differential diagnoses for schizophrenia
Delirium,
Acute organic brain syndrome,
Depressive episode with psychotic symptoms,
Manic episode with psychotic symptoms,
Schizoaffective disorder- mix of affective and schizophrenia life features