Schizophrenia Flashcards
are false fixed beliefs that usually involve a misinterpretation of an experience
delusions
the person believes that they have exceptional powers, wealth, skill, influence, or destiny
grandiose
the person believes that they are dead or that a calamity is pending
Nihilistic
the person believes that they are being watched, ridiculed, harmed or plotted against
Persecutory
the person believes they have abnormalities in their bodily functions or structures
Somatic
are perceptual experiences that occur without actual external sensory stimuli
Hallucinations
reducing fluency and productivity of thought/speech
alogia
withdrawal and inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activity
avolition
decreased reaction to stimuli with diminished interest and desire
apathy
flattening or blunting in range of emotion expressed; inappropriate affect
affective
inability to experience pleasure in things that ordinarily are pleasurable
anhedonia
concurrent experience of equally opposing feelings making it impossible to make a decision
ambivalence
disturbed speech and thinking patterns including thought content and process
disorganized thinking
oversensitivity to colours, shapes and background activities
disorganized perceptions
misperception of exaggeration of stimuli that exists in the external environment
illusions
anxiety, depression, hostility
ancillary symptoms
involving holding a posture in an odd or unusual fixed position for an extended period of time.
waxy flexibility
involves involuntary imitation of another person’s movements and gestures
echopraxis
Implicated in schizophrenia, and in studies with mice, has been shown to be involved in the anti-social or isolative aspects of schizophrenia.
Calcineurin- located on chromosome 2
Involved in neuronal migration and connectivity, cell signaling and myelination
Neuroregulin - short arm of chromosome 8
This gene leads to neuronal migration problems involved in the development of schizophrenia and may play an important tole in hippocampal development.
DISC1 and DISC2- located on chromosome 1
Related to visual processing deficits, cognitive functioning, and reductions in volume in the prefrontal and occipital cortex in persons with schizophrenia.
Dysbindin- chromosome 6
found to be a susceptibility gene in schizophrenia with reduced levels of it and one of its substrates in the hippocampus, frontal cortex of people with schizophrenia, as well as a reduced gray matter volume in the caudate and right prefrontal cortex, and reduced cognitive performance.
AKT1- chromosome 14
- Involved in the birth, survival, and maturation of brain cells during development
- Involved in the production of the met and val alleles
- Plays a role in the GABAergic transmission, regulation of glutamatergic transmission, intracellular signaling and transmission.
BDNF- chromosome 11
refers to the first time someone experiences psychotic symptoms or a psychotic episode.
first episode psychosis
there may be changes in the way some people describe their feelings, thoughts, and perceptions.
Phase 1: prodrome
clear psychotic symptoms are experienced, such as hallucinations, delusions, or confused thinking.
phase 2: acute
most people recover
The pattern of recovervaries varies from person to person.
phase 3: recovery
source of auditory, visual, olfactory and tactile hallucinations
limbic system
- decreased neuronal volume
- cellular disarray
hippocampus and thalamus
- abnormal function and excessive neuronal activity
- correlated with negative symptoms
left globus pallidus
correlated with impaired working memory and executive functioning
prominent sulci
dopamine hyperactivity causes positive symptoms in
mesolimbic tract
dopamine hypoactivity causes negative symptoms in
mesocortical tract
site of motor symptoms of schizophrenia
nigrostriatal dopaminergic tract
Suggests that changes in levels of NTs in the synaptic cleft, due either to increased or decreased presynaptic release or increased or decreased postsynaptc sensitivity, is the underlying pathologic process in mental illness.
biogenic amine hypotheisis
