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INTERVENTION > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the typical age onset for Schizophrenia?

A 
Late teens & mid 30's. 
Male earlier (early/mid 20's)
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2
Q

What is the prevalence?

A

1%

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3
Q

List some positive symptoms

A

Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganised thinking
Disorganised/abnormal motor behaviour

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4
Q

What are some cognitive symptoms?

A

Neurocog: Attention, memory, processing speed

Social cog: emotion recognition, TOM

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5
Q

What are negative symptoms?

A

Affective flattening
Anhedonia
Alogia (poverty of speech)
Social withdrawal

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6
Q

What are mood/anxiety symptoms?

A

Anxiety, depression, stress, obsessions

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7
Q

What are delusions?

A

Erroneous beliefs usually misinterpretation of perceptions. Contradictory evidence

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8
Q

What are the 9 types of delusions?

A
  1. Persecutory (most common)
  2. Referential (take something personal)
  3. Grandiose
  4. Somatic (belief body is abnormal)
  5. Religious
  6. Thought alienation
  7. Broadcasting
  8. External
  9. Misidentification
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9
Q

What are two theories that explain delusions?

A

Deficit Theory: brain dysfunction creating cognitions/perceptions

Motivational theory: to relieve anxiety or distress and produce preoccupation

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10
Q

What are hallucinations and what are the types?

A

Experience sensory event without stimulus.

Any sensory modality, auditory most common.

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11
Q

Why do hallucinations form?

A

Metacognition- listening to own voice/throughts

Misattributing to others

Aberrant sensory perception

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12
Q

What is the DSM-5 criteria for Schizophrenia?

A

2 or more for greater than/equal to a month (at least one active phase sx)

  1. Delusions
  2. Hallucinations
  3. Disorganised speech
  4. Disorganised/catatonic behaviour
  5. Neg sx

Social and occupational dysnfunction
Continuous disturbance for 6 months or more

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13
Q

How are these disorders different?

  1. Brief psychotic
  2. Schizophreniform
  3. Schizoaffective
A

Brief psychotic: sx for a day or more stop within a month

Schizophreniform: sx less than 6 months

Schizoaffective: mood episode at same time as active sx, followed/preceded by hallucinations/delusions

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14
Q

What is Catatonia?

A

Specifying criteria for MDD, BP and psychotic disorders. Psychomotor disturbance, excessive or peculiar motor activity, echolalia (repetition of word), echopraxia (mirroring behaviour)

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15
Q

What disorder is in the section Conditions for further study?

A

Attenuated psychosis syndrome: people at elevated risk of psychotic disorder

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16
Q

What are two forms of assessment of the criteria?

A

SCID-5 CLin version (interview questions and rating whether sx present or not)

World health organisation assessment schedule (WHODAS 2.0)- (severity of sx and practical aspects of life to be used in broader team to build functioning/target areas)

17
Q

What is the time course around onset?

A

Prodromal: non-specific sx weeks/months preceding first psychotic sx (loss interest, odd beliefs)

Active: psychotic sx prominent (when most present for treatment)

Residual: similar to prodromal but blunted affect, impairment in functioning

18
Q

What are consequences of a lack of insight?

A

Predictor of non-adherence to treatment, relapsing to active phase, increased involuntary hospitalisation, risk of suicide

19
Q

What determines a good or bad prognosis?

A

Good: late, sharp, acute onset, female, precipitating event, min residual sx

Bad: early onset, perintal trauma, structural brain abnormalities, fam history

20
Q

What percentage of people suicide?

A

5-6% die

20% attempt

21
Q

Aetiology: genetic predisposition

A

No one gene responsilbe, shared env may explain a lot

22
Q

Aetiology: Neurobiological alterations

A

Dopmaine hypothesis: excessive subcortical dopamine within striatal pathways responsible for active an disorganised sx (as some dopamine agonsits increase sx)

23
Q

Aetiology: Neuroanatomical and neurocog deficits:

A

Enlarged ventricles-> atrophy of surrounding tissue (greater presentation of neg sx)
Reduced dendritic spines
Impaired frontal lobe acvitiy
Reduced hippocampus volume (in those with schiz and relatives)

24
Q

Aetiology: Neurodevelopmental

A

Viral infection, malnutrition

Disruption of maturation

INTERVENTION (12 decks)

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