Schizophrenia Flashcards
% of homeless people with schiz.
10-20%
Age of onset
16-25
Suicide rates
8-10%
Amount of canadian
300,000– 1/12 of hospital beds
Costs
6.85 billion
% of patients with auditroy hallucinations
70%
Postive Symptoms
Exaggerated, distorted adaptations of normal behaviour– delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought and speech
Negative Symptoms
Absence of typical behaviours and experiences
Avolition
Apathy and loss of motivation
Anhedonia
Inability to feel pressure and lack of emotional response
Hallucinations
Misinterpretations of sensory perceptions that occur while a person is awake and conscious, and in the absence of corresponding stimuli
Delusions
Implausible beliefs that persist despite contradictory evidence
Persecutory Delusions
Believe they are being pursued or targeted– most common
Referential delusions
Belief that common, meaningless occurances have significant and personal relevance
Somatic delusions
Related to patient’s body– organs have turned to dust
Religious delusions
Belief that biblical passages offer the way to destroy or save the world
Delusions of grandeur
Belief in divine or special powers that can control the course of history
Loose Associations
Shifts quickly from one topic to another
Word salad
Many different, unrelated topics
Neologisms
Newly created word whose meaning is unknown to others
Perseveration
Repetition of the same verbal or motor response
Thought blocking
Sudden silences in persons speech
Abnormal motor behaviour
Deficits in motor functioning and difficulty with goal directed behaviour
Catatonic behaviour
Reduction n responsiveness to environment
Wavy flexibility
Allowing others to move their body into new positions and maintaining it
Affective flattening
Lack of emotional responsiveness and failing to convey feeling
Alogia
Poverty of speech
6 DSM criteria
Characteristic symptoms
Social or occupational dysfunction
Persistence for at least 6 months
Exclusion of schizoaffective or mood disorders
Exclusion of substance abuse or medical conditions
Consideration of autism or communication disorder
3 phases of schiz
Prodromal
Active
Residual
Prodromal
Clear deterioration of functioning
Active
2 or more symptoms, one must be positive, lasts at least 1 month
Residual
Attenuated symptoms following active phase
Schizophreniform disorder
Lats 1-6 months
Brief psychotic disorder
Less than 1 month
Endophenotypes
Hereditary marker that is closely associated but is not a direct symptom of disorder– vulnerability
Cognitive subtypes
Subgroups on basis of impaired problem solving and memory deficits
Kraepelin
Noted it ran in families, frontal and temporal lobes involved
Schizophrenogenic
Cold and rejecting behaviour causes schizophrenia
Collective unconcious
Jung– Symbols and myths are shared unconsciously in a culture
Hypokrisia
Nerve cells are abnormally reactive to incoming stimulation
Aversive drift
Brain amplifies feelings of pain and weakens pleasure– makes social contact unpleasant
Schizotype
Person experiencing cognitive slippage and aversive drift
One episode only, complete recovery
20%
Several episodes, return to normal functioning
35%
Several episodes, never return to normal
10%
Continual deterioration, poor er functioning between episodes
35%
Reducton in lifespan
10 years
Prevalence
1% men= women
Schizoaffective disordr
Grandiose, jealous, persecutory
MZ concordance rate
48%
Penetrance
Proportion of peoplewith a genetic change that exhibit signs of a disorder
Cumulative liability
Combined risk for developing an illness that accumulates over multiple factors and over time
Left temporal lobe
Attention, speech, language, visual understanding
3 systems in dopamine hypothesis
Nigrostriatal
Mesocortical
Mesolimbic
D2 receptors
Postive symptoms, benefit from antipsychotics
D1
Negative symptoms
Basal ganglia
Abnormal motor behaviour
Right temporal lobe
Flat affect, aprosodia
