Schizophrenia

Question 1

What are the 4 main symptoms of skitz?

Answer 1

• Delusions
• Avolition (ability to enjoy things)
• Poverty of speech
• Hallucinations

Question 2

Compare the DSM and the ICD criteria for diagnosis for skitz.

Answer 2

DSM- must have one positive symptom
ICD- any two symptoms

Question 3

Does the DSM or ICD diagnose more people?

Answer 3

ICD

Question 4

What did Gottesman’s study into the biological explanation for skitz find?

Answer 4

Identical twins (who share 100% of their DNA) had a 48% of both having skitz if one did.

Question 5

Define Hypodopaminergia.

Answer 5

Too low dopamine can lead to irrational decision-making if its in the prefrontal cortex.

Question 6

Define Hyperdopaminergia.

Answer 6

Too high dopamine can lead to poverty of speech if its in the Brocas area.

Question 7

Explain the three parts of the psychological approach to skitz.

Answer 7

Skitzophrenogenic mother
Double-bind theory
Expressed emotion

Question 8

Explain the features of the skitzophrenogenic mother.

Answer 8

Cold and distant
Controlling and dominant
Emotionally distant

Question 9

Explain the double-bind theory.

Answer 9

A child finds themselves in fear of doing the wrong thing but they are unsure what is right and wrong.

Question 10

Explain the three parts to expressed emotion.

Answer 10

Hostility- Being angry at the skitz person and rejecting them.
Emotional over-involvement- Being too involved in the person’s life being controlling or showing needless self-sacrifice.
Verbal criticism- Insulting or putting down the individual, this could be accompanied by physical aggression.

Question 11

What is meta-representation dysfunction?

Answer 11

Unable to recognise our thoughts and behaviour as being caused by ourselves rather than someone else can lead to hallucinations and delusions.

Question 12

What is a lack of central control?

Answer 12

Unable to think before speaking leaving the person displaying abnormal behaviours/speech, this can lead to disorganised speech thoughts and behaviours.

Question 13

What are the two types of anti-psychotics?

Answer 13

Chloroproeative
Clozapine

Question 14

What are the four main drugs used?

Answer 14

Chlorpromazine
Clorapine
Plisperidene
Risperidone

Question 15

What does Chloropromazine do and is it typical or atypical?

Answer 15

Typical, blocks dopamine receptors.

Question 16

What is a side effect of Chloropromazine?

Answer 16

NMS- results in high temperature, delirium and coma, it can be fatal occurring in 1% of drug recipients.

Question 17

What is a side effect of Clozapine?

Answer 17

Lowered white blood cells leading to an increased risk of infection.

Question 18

RENT

Explain CBT use in skitz.

Answer 18

Recognising examples of dysfunctional or delusional thinking

Educating the patient why symptoms are happening

Normalising the patients experiences

(Reality) Testing, disproving the patients irrational thoughts or beliefs.

Question 19

Preparing Indian Elephant Is Sometimes Really Minging

What are the 7 points for family therapy?

Answer 19

1. Providing basic information
2. Identifying resources a family member can offer
3. Encourage mutual understanding creating a safe space
4. Identifying unhelpful patterns of behaviour
5. Skill training such as learning stress management techniques
6. Relapse prevention training
7. Maintenance for the future

Question 20

What did Pharoah say family therapy helped with?

Answer 20

Reduces negative emotions

Improves the family’s ability to help