Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the Multi Store Model of Memory.

A

The Sensory Register > Short-Term Memory > Long-Term memory

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2
Q

Describe the Working Memory Model.

A

CE > PL - EB - VSS - LTM

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3
Q

Define Coding.

A

The format information is stored in.

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4
Q

Define Capacity.

A

The amount of information that can be stored.

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5
Q

Define Duration.

A

How long information is stored for.

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6
Q

What is the capacity of the STM?

A

Jacobs- 7±2

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7
Q

Define chunking.

A

Smaller individual pieces of information are bound together into chunks.

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8
Q

Define procedural memory.

A

Memory of how to do things for example sit down in a chair. It does not require conscious thought to recall information back to the STM and is implicit.

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9
Q

Define episodic memory.

A

Memory of a specific event, it needs conscious thought to recall information back to the STM.

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10
Q

Define semantic memory.

A

Memory of the world for example the meaning of words. It does not require conscious thought to recall information back to the STM and is implicit.

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11
Q

What evidence supports the idea of different LTM memory stores (semantic, episodic and procedural).

A

Research conducted on patients suffering from amnesia shows that typically patients have difficulty with episodic and semantic memory but do not with procedural.

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12
Q

What is interference?

A

Two sets of information get mixed up.

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13
Q

What is the difference between retroactive and proactive interference?

A

Proactive -Old information limits the ability to recall new information.

Retroactive- New information limits the ability to recall old information.

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14
Q

Define retrieval failure.

A

When information cannot be recalled as a result of a lack of cues for example: State or Context.

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15
Q

Explain Loftus & Palmer’s research into EWT (include results)

A
  • Car collision
  • Used key verbs to ask what speed the cars were going when they collided
  • Smashed 40.8 MPH
  • Contacted 81.8 MPH
  • Lacks mundane realism
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16
Q

Stages of the cognitive interview? Add on the extra for the advanced cognitive interview.

A
  • Context reinstatement
  • Change perspective
  • Reverse the order
  • Report everything
    (Advanced)
  • (Encourage the witness to relax and speak slowly)
  • (Offer comments to help clarify witness statements)
  • (Adapt questions to suit the understanding of individual witnesses.)
17
Q

What is a leading question?

A

A question which may influence the answer or influence the participant into giving a different answer.

18
Q

What factors can affect the accuracy of EWT?

A
  • Anxiety
  • Post-event discussion
  • Leading questions
19
Q

Describe the weapon focus effect.

A

Weapon focus is the concentration on a weapon by a witness of a crime and the subsequent inability to accurately remember other details of the crime.

20
Q

Explain Yuille and Cutshall (1986) study?

A

They found that out of Twenty-one witnesses observed a fatal shooting incident in Canada outside a gun shop. They found that those who reported the most stress were the most accurate in their answers.