Memory Flashcards
Describe the Multi Store Model of Memory.
The Sensory Register > Short-Term Memory > Long-Term memory
Describe the Working Memory Model.
CE > PL - EB - VSS - LTM
Define Coding.
The format information is stored in.
Define Capacity.
The amount of information that can be stored.
Define Duration.
How long information is stored for.
What is the capacity of the STM?
Jacobs- 7±2
Define chunking.
Smaller individual pieces of information are bound together into chunks.
Define procedural memory.
Memory of how to do things for example sit down in a chair. It does not require conscious thought to recall information back to the STM and is implicit.
Define episodic memory.
Memory of a specific event, it needs conscious thought to recall information back to the STM.
Define semantic memory.
Memory of the world for example the meaning of words. It does not require conscious thought to recall information back to the STM and is implicit.
What evidence supports the idea of different LTM memory stores (semantic, episodic and procedural).
Research conducted on patients suffering from amnesia shows that typically patients have difficulty with episodic and semantic memory but do not with procedural.
What is interference?
Two sets of information get mixed up.
What is the difference between retroactive and proactive interference?
Proactive -Old information limits the ability to recall new information.
Retroactive- New information limits the ability to recall old information.
Define retrieval failure.
When information cannot be recalled as a result of a lack of cues for example: State or Context.
Explain Loftus & Palmer’s research into EWT (include results)
- Car collision
- Used key verbs to ask what speed the cars were going when they collided
- Smashed 40.8 MPH
- Contacted 81.8 MPH
- Lacks mundane realism
Stages of the cognitive interview? Add on the extra for the advanced cognitive interview.
- Context reinstatement
- Change perspective
- Reverse the order
- Report everything
(Advanced) - (Encourage the witness to relax and speak slowly)
- (Offer comments to help clarify witness statements)
- (Adapt questions to suit the understanding of individual witnesses.)
What is a leading question?
A question which may influence the answer or influence the participant into giving a different answer.
What factors can affect the accuracy of EWT?
- Anxiety
- Post-event discussion
- Leading questions
Describe the weapon focus effect.
Weapon focus is the concentration on a weapon by a witness of a crime and the subsequent inability to accurately remember other details of the crime.
Explain Yuille and Cutshall (1986) study?
They found that out of Twenty-one witnesses observed a fatal shooting incident in Canada outside a gun shop. They found that those who reported the most stress were the most accurate in their answers.
