Schizophrenia

Question 1

what is a positive symptom?

Answer 1

an additional experience to normal life and concern losing touch with reality.

Question 2

what is a negative symptom?

Answer 2

involve the loss of usual abilities and experiences

Question 3

what are examples of positive symptoms?

Answer 3

hallucinations and delusions

Question 4

what are examples of negative symptoms?

Answer 4

avolition and speech poverty

Question 5

define hallucinations.

Answer 5

an unusual sensory experience. some are related to events in the environment whereas others have no relationship

Question 6

examples of hallucinations

Answer 6

visual-seeing distorted faces/ animals that aren’t there

auditory-single person/many speaking to them giving instructions

Question 7

examples of delusions

Answer 7

delusions of Grandeur- believing you are God like
delusions of persecution-believing they’re being spied on or going to be killed
delusions of control-an alien invaded their mind

Question 8

what are the 2 major systems for classification of mental disorder?

Answer 8

ICD-10-WHO
DSM-5-American Psychiatric Association

Question 9

how do the 2 classification systems differ?

Answer 9

ICD-10-2 or more negative symptoms = diagnosis

DSM-5-at least 1 positive symptom = diagnosis

Question 10

what is reliability?

Answer 10

how consistently someone is diagnosed with the same disorder when tested against the same criteria.

Question 11

what is research support for reliability?

Answer 11

cheinaux et al (2009) had 2 psychiatrists independently diagnose 100 patients using
DSM and ICD. poor inter-rater reliability : 1 diagnosed 26 with schiz and diagnosed 44 according to ICD and other:13 according to DSM and 24 according to ICD.

Question 12

what does the research support for reliability suggest?

Answer 12

that the DSM and ICD have poor reliability in diagnosing schiz

Question 13

what is validity?

Answer 13

the extent to which a set of diagnostic criteria actually measure the disorder they claim to measure.

Question 14

what is the research support for validity?

Answer 14

David Rosenhan(1972) experiment with pseudo patients and 8 normal ppt where kept in hospital after behaving normally.

Question 15

what does the research support for validity suggest?

Answer 15

that schiz diagnosis lacks validity as psychiatrists cannot distinguish between real and fake patients suggesting there are issues with diagnosis.

Question 16

what is co-morbidity?

Answer 16

one or more disorders or diseases that exist alongside a primary diagnosis e.g. schiz+ personality disorder

Question 17

what is research support for co-morbidity?

Answer 17

Buckley et al (2009) concluded half patients with schiz also diagnosed with depression(50%),substance abuse(47%),PTSD(29%),OCD(23%)

Question 18

what does the research support for co-morbidity suggest?

Answer 18

there is challenge for both diagnosis and classification of schiz and severe depression and schiz may be a single condition

Question 19

what is culture?

Answer 19

coming from a certain background may make your more or less likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia.