Schein Flashcards

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1
Q

WHat is a bacterial cytoskeleton made up of

A

mreB and parB

- actin homologues required for chromosome/plasmid segregation

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2
Q

Where are the complexes of the respiratory chain found in bacteria?

A

In the plasma membrane

- equivalent to the mitochondrial inner membrane.

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3
Q

Comments of the. Envelope f gram-positive bacteria

A
  • thick peptidoglycan
  • fibrillae - adhere to mammalian cells and ECM
  • teichoic acids
  • group carbohydrate
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4
Q

Envelopes of gram-negative bacteria

A
  • both inner and outer plasma membrane with cell wall in the middle.
  • space between inner and outer membrane is termed peri plasm
  • lipopolysacharide (LPS)
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5
Q

WHat is LPS?

A

In gram negative cells, they are a component of the outer membrane. It is made up of:

  • Lipid A - endotoxins that is part o the cell wall
  • core
  • O-antigen - repeat of 3-5 sugars
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6
Q

Porin proteins

A

Allow solute so to traverse outer membrane

  • trimer
  • exterior covered with hydrophobic AAs
  • interior lined with hydrophilic AAs
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7
Q

Lipid A

A

Part of the LPS

  • it is an endotoxins so if you kill the bacteria with antibiotic it can result in endotoxins release and other inflammatory components. Can cause fever and hypotension called the Jarish-Herxheimer reaction
  • LPS binding to TLRs leads to synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines, which locally causes defense but systemically can cause shock, organ dysfunction, and death.
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8
Q

What are the bacterial appendages and what do they. Do?

A

Flagella - locomotion
Pili/fimbrae - adhesion
Conjugation pilli - transfer of DNA between cells

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9
Q

What species of bacteria make spores?

A

Gram + rods

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10
Q

Which way of flagella rotation cause which movement?

A

Counter-clockwise - smooth swimming

Clockwise - random tumbling

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11
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Bacteria swim up concentration gradient towards attractant and they tumble down concentration gradient

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