Schacter And Singer- Biological

Question 1

Background

Answer 1

Two factor theory of emotion where emotion= psycological and psysiological

Question 2

Method

Answer 2

Laboratory with observation and self report questionnaires

Question 3

Variables

Answer 3

EPI / NF - injected w/ epinephrine AND told TRUE effects
EDI MIS - injected w/ epinephrine AND told FALSE effects
EPI IGN - injected w/ epinephrine AND told NO effects
Placebo - injected with saline solution AND told NOTHING MORE

Question 4

Explanation

Answer 4

EPI INF - should not copy stooge
Placebo - should not copy stooge
EPI MIS - Misinformed -> seek explanation -> copy stooge
EPI IGN - Seek explanation -> copy stooge

Question 5

Design

Answer 5

Independent measure

Question 6

Participants

Answer 6

All male college students

Question 7

Sampling technique

Answer 7

Self selecting

Question 8

Apparatus

Answer 8

One way mirror (covert), epinephrine (adrenaline), placebo

Question 9

Controls

Answer 9

• All given an injection
• Received same instructions
• Stooge respected same behaviour
• same equipment

Question 10

Procedure

Answer 10

1. Taken to private room, told study was to test vision and that the injection was a vitamin
2. Placed in room and introduced to “other participant” -> stooge
3. Stooge behaved either:
   Euphoric: doodled paper, crumpled it, played basketball, asked participant to join, made paper plane, built tower, hula-hoops
   Angry: began answering questionnaire, made aggressive comments
4. experimenter entered room, handed out questionnaire
5. Debrief

Question 11

Data

Answer 11

OBSERVATION
Controlled + structured objective behaviour coded into 4 categories for euphoria, 6 for anger

SELF REPORT
Subjective w/ self questionnaire
mock questions + 2 emotional ones
5 point scale

Question 12

Findings

Answer 12

In epinephrine group -> more psychological responses

Question 13

Conclusions

Answer 13

All 3 propositions are supported and so the findings of the study provide experimental evidence for 2 factor theory of emotion

Question 14

Evaluation

Answer 14

Ethics: Stooges (deceiving BUT w/out stooge -> study not reliable = WEAKNESS

Theory: provides evidence for a theory = STRENGTH

Biological cognitive approach: interaction between biological and cognitive factors = STRENGTH

Sample: Volunteers= STRENGTH
male, paid 4 participation, students= not generalisable = WEAKNESS

Controls: many controls to prove IV caused (STRENGTH) or low in ecological validity (WEAKNESS)