Scenario 2

Question 1

Explain how the ocean’s buffering system works, and describe how it relates to ocean acidification.

Answer 1

prevents major pH swings
normally, co2 dissolves into the ocean and combines with h2o to make unstable carbonic acid (h2co3) that quickly becomes bicarbonate (h+ and hco3-) (so co2 is absorbed so quickly bc in the water it’s instantly changed to something else so the conc in the air will always be higher than in the water)
then carbonate is able to collect free H+ ions and as H+ conc increases, bicarbonate will also grab these and turn back into carbonic acid
removes carbonate- harms molluscs and coral, eg, that use carbonate for their shells, etc
huge CO2 sink- absorbs 50-60% more than the atmosphere

Question 2

Explain what types of marine organisms are most heavily impacted by ocean acidification, and why. What ramifications might these impacts have on the greater marine ecosystem?

Answer 2

Those that utilize calcium carbonate
- eg: muscles, pteropods

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE: Warming sea surface temperatures is increasing the amount of CO2 dissolved into the ocean, causing pH levels to drop. FIX IF FALSE

Answer 3

FALSE:
- Warming sea surface temperatures is increasing the amount of CO2 dissolved into the ocean, causing pH levels to RISE

Question 4

Decapoda

Answer 4

Crabs + lobsters
DECA –> 10 legs
lobsters- live in crevices/burrows on the seafloor
3/5 of the pairs of legs have claws

Question 5

List the major orders of class Malacostraca.

Answer 5

Decapoda
Stomatopoda

Question 6

List the major classes of (subphylum) Crustacea.

Answer 6

Malacostraca
Thecostraca

Question 7

subphyla of arthropoda

Answer 7

chelicerata
crustacea

Question 8

general characteristics of arthropoda

Answer 8

• segmentation + jointed appendages
• rigid skeleton- molting necessary
• sometimes have antennae that can taste + smell

Question 9

arthropods: how many tissue layers?

Answer 9

3

Question 10

arthropods: coelom or no coelom?

Answer 10

yes coelom

Question 11

arthropods: complete or incomplete gut?

Answer 11

complete

Question 12

arthropods: what type of symmetry?

Answer 12

bilateral

Question 13

arthropods: external cuticle made of ________

Answer 13

chitin

Question 14

arthropods: eye types

Answer 14

compound + simple

Question 15

Dungeness crabs: phylum, subphylum, class, order

Answer 15

• arthropoda
• crustacea
• malacostraca
• decapoda