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Anatomy Unit 2 > Scalp, Skull, Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Scalp, Skull, Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What area is anatomically defined as the scalp?

A

Area extending from superciliary arches anteriorly to external occipital protuberance / superior nuchal lines posteriorly. Continues laterally inferiorly to the zygomatic arch

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2
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp and what is the scalp proper?

A
  1. Skin
  2. dense Connective tissue - anchors skin to aponeurotic layer, contains arteries veins and nerves
  3. Aponeurotic layer
  4. Loose connective tissue
  5. Pericranium

Scalp proper is the first three layers

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3
Q

What innervates the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

A

posterior auricular branch of facial nerve (CN7)

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4
Q

What is the function of the loose connective tissue layer of the scalp? What are some of its repercussions?

A

Facilitates movement of scalp proper over it. Infections tend to localize and spread through the LCT

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5
Q

What provides innervation of the scalp posterior to the ear and vertex?

A 
Cervical nerves, especially C2 and C3.
Great auricular (C2, C3), lesser occipital (C2), greater occipital (C2), third occipital (C3)
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6
Q

What is the major blood supply to the scalp?

A 
Ophthalmic artery:
1. Supraorbital
2. Supratrochlear
External carotid:
1. Superficial temporal
2. Posterior auricular
3. Occipital
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7
Q

Where do the posterior auricular and superficial temporal veins drain into?

A

Retromandibular vein

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8
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the regions of the scalp?

A

Occipital nodes - drain occipital region
Mastoid nodes - drain upper scalp posterior to vertex
Pre-auricular / parotid nodes - drain upper scalp anterior to vertex

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9
Q

What is diploe?

A

Spony bone in middle with marrow

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10
Q

What is the squamous suture?

A

Between temporal (squamous) and parietal bones

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11
Q

What is the occipitomastoid suture?

A

Between temporal and occipital bone

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12
Q

What is the parietomastoid suture?

A

Between temporal and parietal bone near mastoid process

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13
Q

When do the fontalles fully close?

A

During the first year of life

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14
Q

What is glabella?

A

The dip in the frontal prominence before the nose

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15
Q

What is nasion?

A

The midpoint of the nasofrontal suure

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16
Q

What are the three divisions of the inferior view of the cranium?

A

Anterior: Teeth and hard palate
Middle: Behind hard palate to anterior margin of foramen magnum
Posterior: Anterior edge of foramen magnum to superior nuchal lines

17
Q

Where are foramen ovale and foramen spinosum located?

A

Greater wing of sphenoid bone

18
Q

Where is foramen lacerum located?

A

Between sphenoid, temporal, and occipital bones

19
Q

Where is the carotid canal located?

A

In petrous part of temporal bone, enters into middle cranial fossa, posterolateral to foramen lacerum

20
Q

What does the sphenoid bone articulate with in the nasal cavity?

A

Vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

21
Q

Where is the groove for the eustachian tube?

A

Between petrous part of temporal bone and greater wing of sphenoid

22
Q

What is the pharyngeal tubercule?

A

Bony protuberance in basilar part of occipital bone for the attachment of parts of the pharynx to base of skull

23
Q

Where are the superior and inferior nuchal lines?

A

In the squamous part of the occipital bone

24
Q

Where is the jugular foramen?

A

Between occipital and temporal bones

25
Q

What is the condylar canal?

A

Foramen on occipital condyles through which emissary veins course

26
Q

What sits in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

The frontal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres

27
Q

What is foramen cecum of skull?

A

Spot in frontal bone near frontal crest where emissary vein goes to nasal cavity

28
Q

What is the anterior clinoid process and what is its significance?

A

The medial projection of the lesser sphenoid bone, it is the attachment for the tentorium cerebelli and the posterior border of the anterior cranial fossa

29
Q

What are the anterior and posterior borders of the lateral and medial portions of the middle cranial fossa?

A 
Lateral:
Anterior - Lesser wing of sphenoid bone
Posterior - Anterior part of petrous temporal bone
Medial: 
Anterior - chiasmatic sulcus
Posterior - dorsum sellae
30
Q

What lies in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal lobe of brain, and pituitary gland

31
Q

Where is the hypoglossal canal?

A

In the occipital bone, just medial to the jugular foramen

32
Q

What does the posterior cranial fossa contain?

A

Brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla) and cerebellum

33
Q

What is vallecula?

A

The space between the back of the tongue and the epiglottis

Anatomy Unit 2 (13 decks)

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