Scalp, Skull, Cranial Cavity Flashcards
What area is anatomically defined as the scalp?
Area extending from superciliary arches anteriorly to external occipital protuberance / superior nuchal lines posteriorly. Continues laterally inferiorly to the zygomatic arch
What are the 5 layers of the scalp and what is the scalp proper?
- Skin
- dense Connective tissue - anchors skin to aponeurotic layer, contains arteries veins and nerves
- Aponeurotic layer
- Loose connective tissue
- Pericranium
Scalp proper is the first three layers
What innervates the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
posterior auricular branch of facial nerve (CN7)
What is the function of the loose connective tissue layer of the scalp? What are some of its repercussions?
Facilitates movement of scalp proper over it. Infections tend to localize and spread through the LCT
What provides innervation of the scalp posterior to the ear and vertex?
Cervical nerves, especially C2 and C3. Great auricular (C2, C3), lesser occipital (C2), greater occipital (C2), third occipital (C3)
What is the major blood supply to the scalp?
Ophthalmic artery: 1. Supraorbital 2. Supratrochlear External carotid: 1. Superficial temporal 2. Posterior auricular 3. Occipital
Where do the posterior auricular and superficial temporal veins drain into?
Retromandibular vein
What is the lymphatic drainage of the regions of the scalp?
Occipital nodes - drain occipital region
Mastoid nodes - drain upper scalp posterior to vertex
Pre-auricular / parotid nodes - drain upper scalp anterior to vertex
What is diploe?
Spony bone in middle with marrow
What is the squamous suture?
Between temporal (squamous) and parietal bones
What is the occipitomastoid suture?
Between temporal and occipital bone
What is the parietomastoid suture?
Between temporal and parietal bone near mastoid process
When do the fontalles fully close?
During the first year of life
What is glabella?
The dip in the frontal prominence before the nose
What is nasion?
The midpoint of the nasofrontal suure
What are the three divisions of the inferior view of the cranium?
Anterior: Teeth and hard palate
Middle: Behind hard palate to anterior margin of foramen magnum
Posterior: Anterior edge of foramen magnum to superior nuchal lines
Where are foramen ovale and foramen spinosum located?
Greater wing of sphenoid bone
Where is foramen lacerum located?
Between sphenoid, temporal, and occipital bones
Where is the carotid canal located?
In petrous part of temporal bone, enters into middle cranial fossa, posterolateral to foramen lacerum
What does the sphenoid bone articulate with in the nasal cavity?
Vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Where is the groove for the eustachian tube?
Between petrous part of temporal bone and greater wing of sphenoid
What is the pharyngeal tubercule?
Bony protuberance in basilar part of occipital bone for the attachment of parts of the pharynx to base of skull
Where are the superior and inferior nuchal lines?
In the squamous part of the occipital bone
Where is the jugular foramen?
Between occipital and temporal bones
