Scalp, Skull & Cranial Cavity Flashcards
What does SCALP stand for?
Skin, Connective tissue = hypodermis = superficial fascia, Aponeurosis, Loose connective tissue, Pericranium
What does the facial nerve allow you to do?
Wrinkle your forehead
What happens when infection goes through superficial veins in scalp and then gets into the cranial cavity?
It can cause meningitis! (and potential blood clot!)
What connects superficial veins in the connective tissue to dural venous sinuses (ex: superior sagittal sinus)?
Diploic veins (valveless, go through skull cap) and Emissary veins (go through skull- connecting outer and inner sinuses)
What is the skull cap called?
Calvaria
Which layer of the scalp contains superficial veins that will bleed profusely when the scalp is cut?
Connective tissue layer of the hypodermis
The superificial veins of the scalp connect to the dural sinuses by means of the:
Emissary veins
The diploic veins are located:
between the two bony layers of the skull
The superficial temporal artery is an extension of. . .
The external carotid artery
The auriculotemporal nerve supplying the temporal region of the head is a sensory branch of the:
Mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
What skull bone, in addition to the zygomatic bone, forms the zygomatic arch?
Temporal bone
What structure forms the superior sagittal sinus?
Dura - between its periosteal layer (top) and meningeal layer (bottom)
How do cerebral vein openings, arachnoid granulations and lateral venous lacunae relate?
Cerebral vein openings drain into the superior sagittal sinus & into the lateral venous lacunae (little lakes). Arachnoid granulations (villi) exist within the dura layers. The Arachnoid granulations release CSF into the sinuses and also allow CSF to flow back into the vascular system from the brain.
What do arachnoid granulations do?
They release CSF into the sinuses.
They allow CSF to flow back into the vascular system from brain.
Where is vascularization in meninges?
Pia or Dura (the arachnoid membrane is avascular)
What is the pathway of blood from the dural sinuses to the heart?
Dural sinuses drain into the internal jugular vein that then carries the blood back to the heart.
What is the Falx cerebri and where does it attach?
It separates the two brain hemispheres, and attaches to the crista galli and the tentorium cerebelli.
Where is the arachnoid membrane?
On the surface of the brain, underneith the dura but above the pia.
What is the subarachnoid space?
It lies between the arachnoid membrane and the pia. It is filled with CSF.
What is the name of everything above and everything below the tentorium cerebelli?
Above: Supratentorial region/area
Below: Posterior fossa (infratentorial region)
What is an epidural hemorrhage?
Seem often in trauma - It involves rupture of a meningeal artery with blood forming a hematoma between the dura and the bone of the skull
What is the most common site of a epidural hematoma and how is it shaped?
Lateral-temporal region (near middle meningeal artery) Lens shaped (dura tears off skull and pushes brain off the mid-line
What is a subdural hematoma?
It occurs between dural & arachnoid membrane (involves ruptures of cerebral vein)
- Accumulates slowly - very slow leakage into subdural space
- When you shake your head forcefully this tears veins like in a subdural hematoma (more common in elderly)
- Not a nice lens shape, irregular shape on MRI
What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
It occurs between the subarachnoid membrane and then pia and involves a rupture of the cerebral artery
