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Head and Neck > SCALP > Flashcards

SCALP Flashcards

innervation and Clinicals

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the scalp?

A
  • Anterior: Superciliary arches
  • Posterior: External occipital protuberance & superior nuchal line
  • Lateral: Superior temporal line

from forhead to nuchal line and temples

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2
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A
  • S: Skin
  • C: Connective tissue (dense)
  • A: Aponeurosis
  • L: Loose areolar tissue
  • P: Pericranium
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3
Q

Why doesn’t bleeding stop easily in scalp injuries?

A
  • Due to the dense connective tissue layer, which keeps the blood vessels open and prevents their retraction

the blood vessels are in this layer and adhere to the CT

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4
Q

What is the dangerous area of the scalp?

A
  • The loose areolar tissue (fourth layer), as infections can spread easily through it
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5
Q

What is the surgical importance of the scalp?

A
  • Only the first three layers (skin, connective tissue, and aponeurosis) are regarded as one surgical unit
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6
Q

Which arteries are found in front of the auricle?

A
  • Superficial temporal artery
  • Supraorbital
  • Supratrochlear
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7
Q

Which arteries are found behind the auricle?

A
  • Posterior auricular artery
  • Occipital artery
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8
Q

Which muscle is attached to the scalp?

A
  • Occipitofrontalis muscle

has 2 bellies occipital belly and frontal belly

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9
Q

What are the attachments of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

A
  • Frontal belly: Skin of the forehead
  • Occipital belly: Superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
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10
Q

What are the main sensory nerves of the scalp?

A
  • Supratrochlear nerve
  • Supraorbital nerve
  • Zygomaticotemporal nerve
  • Auriculotemporal nerve
  • Lesser occipital nerve
  • Greater occipital nerve
  • Greater Auricular nerve
  • Third occipital nerve

GLASS ZT (mnemonic)

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11
Q

Where does the supratrochlear nerve come from?

A
  • From the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1)
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12
Q

Where does the supraorbital nerve come from?

A
  • From the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1)
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13
Q

Where does the zygomaticotemporal nerve come from?

A
  • From the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve(CN V2)

zygmatic nerve of the branch

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14
Q

Where does the auriculotemporal nerve come from?

A
  • From the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
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15
Q

Where does the lesser occipital nerve come from?

A
  • (C2) Ventral Ramus
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16
Q

Where does the greater occipital nerve come from?

A
  • (C2) Dorsal Ramus
17
Q

What area does the supratrochlear nerve supply?

A
  • Forehead near the midline
18
Q

What area does the supraorbital nerve supply?

A
  • Forehead and scalp up to the top of the head
19
Q

What area does the zygomaticotemporal nerve supply?

A
  • The temple area
20
Q

What area does the auriculotemporal nerve supply?

A
  • Scalp in front of the ear and the temple
21
Q

What area does the lesser occipital nerve supply?

A
  • Scalp behind the ear
22
Q

What area does the greater occipital nerve supply?

A
  • Back of the head, up to the top
23
Q

Which nerve is often linked to headaches at the back of the head?

A
  • Greater occipital nerve
24
Q

What nerve supplies sensation to the forehead?

A
  • Supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves
25
Q

What nerve supplies the scalp near the ear?

A
  • Auriculotemporal nerve
26
Q

What nerve supplies the back of the scalp?

A
  • Greater and lesser occipital nerves
27
Q

Which nerves are from front of auricle

A
  • Supratrocheal
  • Supraorbital
  • Zygomaticotemporal
  • auriculotemporal
28
Q

Where does the greater auricular nerve come from?

A
  • (C2 and C3) Ventral Rami
29
Q

Where does the third occipital nerve come from?

A
  • (C3) Dorsal Ramus
30
Q

External Carotid artery gives?

A
  • Superior Temporal artery, Posterior auricular artery, Occipital artery
31
Q

Internal Carotid artery gives?

A
  • Supratrochlear artery
  • Supraorbital artery
32
Q

List Emissary veins

A

-Parietal - Mastoid

33
Q

Mastoid vein communicates with?

A

Sigmoid Sinus

34
Q

Parietal vein communicates with

A

Superior Saggital Sinus

Head and Neck (6 decks)

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