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Head and Neck > Osteo skull > Flashcards

Osteo skull Flashcards

O

1
Q

What are the two parts of the skull?

A

Neurocranium (brain box) - Viscerocranium (facial skeleton and mandible)

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2
Q

How many bones does the skull have?

A

28 bones in total
14 in neurocranium with three paired ear ossicles (MIS: Malleus, Incus, Stapes)
14 in the facial skeleton

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3
Q

What are the paired bones of the neurocranium

A

Parietal - Temporal - Malleus - Incus - Stapes

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4
Q

What are the unpaired bones of the neurocranium?

A

Frontal - Occipital - Sphenoid - Ethmoid

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5
Q

What are the paired bones of the facial skeleton?

A

Maxilla - Zygomatic - Nasal - Lacrimal - Palatine - Inferior nasal concha

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6
Q

What are the unpaired bones of the facial skeleton?

A

Mandible - Vomer

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7
Q

What is the location of the PTERION?

A

Located at the junction of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones

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8
Q

What are the boundaries of the temporal region?

A
  • Superior and posterior: superior temporal line
  • Anterior: frontal and zygomatic bones
  • Inferior: zygomatic arch
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9
Q

When does the anterior fontanelle close?

A

Closes between 12 to 18 months after birth

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10
Q

When does the posterior fontanelle close?

A

Closes 2 to 3 months after birth

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11
Q

When does the mastoid fontanelle close?

A

Closes between 6 to 18 months after birth

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12
Q

Where is the ASTERION located?

A
  • Junction of the lambdoid, occipitomastoid, and parietomastoid sutures
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13
Q

Where is the GLABELLA located

A

Located between the eyebrows, on the frontal bone

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14
Q

What are the important parts of the auricle?

A

Helix - Antihelix - Tragus - Antitragus - Concha - Lobule

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15
Q

What is Reid’s base line?

A
  • A horizontal line drawn from the infraorbital margin to the center of the external acoustic meatus (auricular point)
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16
Q

What is the Frankfurt’s horizontal plane?

A
  • A line drawn from the infraorbital margin to the upper margin of the external acoustic meatus
17
Q

What are the five views for studying the skull externally?

A
  • Norma verticalis (superior) - Norma occipitalis (posterior) - Norma frontalis (anterior) - Norma lateralis (lateral) - Norma basalis
18
Q

What is the clinical relevance of fontanelles in newborns?

A
  • Helpful in age determination
  • Indicators of intracranial pressure abnormalities (bulging or depressed fontanelles)
19
Q

What is the parietal foramen

A
  • Small foramen near the upper border of the parietal bone - Transmits emissary vein from scalp to superior sagittal sinus
20
Q

What is the location of the coronal suture?

A
  • Between the frontal and parietal bones
21
Q

What is the location of the sagittal suture?

A
  • Between the two parietal bones
22
Q

What is the location of the lambdoid suture?

A
  • Between the occipital and parietal bones
23
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A
  • Premature ossification of skull sutures, leading to stunted brain growth and possible intellectual impairment
24
Q

What happens if the anterior fontanelle is depressed?

A
  • Indicates decreased intracranial pressure, commonly due to dehydration
25
Q

What is the location and significance of lambda?

A
  • Located at the junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures
  • Site of the posterior fontanelle in infants
26
Q

What is metopic suture?

A
  • A suture that separates the frontal bone into two halves
  • Seen in 3–8% of individuals
  • Fuses by age 6
27
Q

What is OBELION?

A
  • Point on sagittal suture between the two parietal foramina
28
Q

What is BREGMA?

A
  • Meeting point of coronal and sagittal sutures
  • Site of anterior fontanelle in fetal skull
29
Q

What are the bones forming norma verticalis?

A
  • Upper part of frontal bone
  • Uppermost part of occipital bone
  • Parietal bones on each side
30
Q

When does the sphenoidal fontanelle close?

A

Closes around 6 months after birth

31
Q

What happens if the anterior fontanelle is depressed?

A

Indicates decreased intracranial pressure, commonly due to dehydration

32
Q

What are the sutures found in norma occipitalis?

A

Lambdoid suture
Occipitomastoid suture
Parietomastoid suture
Posterior part of sagittal suture

33
Q

What is the function of superior nuchal lines?

A

Provide origin to trapezius and insertion to sternocleidomastoid and splenius capitis muscles

34
Q

What bones form norma basalis?

A

Includes the maxilla, palatine, sphenoid, temporal, and occipital bones

35
Q

What is the mastoid foramen content?

A

Transmits emissary vein

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