SC8_Animal Kingdom Guide

Question 1

1. Define:

Anterior

Answer 1

in the front of an organism

Question 2

1. Define:

Posterior

Answer 2

Situated behind or at the rear of

Question 3

1. Define:

Ventral

Answer 3

Belly Side

Question 4

1. Define:

Dorsal

Answer 4

Back of the organism

Question 5

1. Define:

Vertebrate

Answer 5

Has a Backbone

Question 6

1. Define:

Ectotherm

Answer 6

An animal that maintains its body temperature by absorbing heat from its environment (Cold Blooded, Snakes, Reptiles)

Question 7

1. Define:

Endotherm

Answer 7

An animal that maintains a fairly constant body temperature, despite changes in its environment (Warm-Blooded, Mammals and Birds)

Question 8

2. List 2 characteristics of the phylum Annelida that make it DIFFERENT from the other two worm Phyla.

Answer 8

ANNELIDS:
Are segmented and have a closed circulatory system.
FLATWORMS and ROUNDWORMS:
Do not have segments nor an open circulatory system.

Question 9

3.a Compare and Contrast spiders and insects in the phylum Arthropoda by listing 3 DIFFERENCES:

Answer 9

DIFFERENCES:
Spiders have 8 legs;
Insects have 6.
Spiders have 2 body segments (cephalothorax, abdomen);
Insects have 3 (head, thorax, abdomen).
Spiders do not have antennae;
Insects do.

Question 10

3.b Compare and contrast spiders and insects in the phylum Arthropoda by listing 3 SIMILARITIES:

Answer 10

SIMILARITIES:
      Both have jointed appendages.
      Both are invertebrates.
      Both have exoskeletons.
      Both have bodies organized into 2 or more segments.

Question 11

4. Compare the 7 Classes of Chordates by filling in the following chart:

Answer 11

See the Chart

Question 12

5. List 3 characteristics that all Chordates share.

Answer 12

At some point in a Chordate’s life, it has:
★ a notochord
★ pharyngeal pouches
(these close in humans, but not in chordates that are fish)
★ hollow dorsal nerve cord
★ a tail that extends past the anus
(gets reabsorbed in most humans)

Question 13

6. For the next set of questions:
   Identify the structure/location, system, and function of the following
   “EARTHWORM” organs or structures.

Answer 13

See the next questions…

They will all start with “6.”

Question 14

6. Earthworm:

Crop

Answer 14

Crop - The swollen crop is anterior to the gizzard and posterior to the esophagus.
As part of the digestive system, it stores food before passing it to the gizzard.
aortic arches

Question 15

6. Earthworm:

Gizzard

Answer 15

Gizzard - posterior to the crop and anterior to the intestine. As part of the digestive system, it grinds the food before passing it to the intestine.

Question 16

6. Earthworm:

Intestine

Answer 16

Intestine - posterior to the gizzard and runs the length of the worm to the anus. As part of the digestive system, it passes nutrients to the blood stream and sends the wastes out though the anus.

Question 17

6. Earthworm:

Ventral Nerve Cord

Answer 17

Ventral Nerve Cord - thin white cord that runs along the belly of the earthworm from mouth to anus. As part of the nervous system, it carries nerve signals throughout the earthworm.

Question 18

6. Earthworm:

Clitellum

Answer 18

Clitellum -the thicker band of tissue in the earthworm’s body that secretes a sac in which the eggs are deposited.
Once the eggs have been deposited in this sac, the clitellum slides off the earthworm’s body.
The clitellum is part of the earthworm’s reproductive system.

Question 19

7. Describe what it means to be hermaphroditic.

Answer 19

Hermaphroditic means:

That an earthworm has both female and male reproductive organs.

Question 20

8. Identify the structure/location, system, and function of the following “FROG” organs.

Answer 20

See the next questions:

These will all start with “8.”

Question 21

8. Frog:

Skin

Answer 21

Skin - The frog’s thin, moist skin is the outermost covering of the frog. The skin controls how much moisture goes in and out of the body and protects the frog.
The skin also helps the frog’s respiratory system, but the frog also has lungs to help it breathe.

Question 22

8. Frog:

Liver

Answer 22

Liver - the frog’s liver has three parts and is the largest structure in the frog’s abdomen. The liver (of the digestive system) produces chemicals that help the frog digest its food. The liver also stores energy for the frog.

Question 23

8. Frog:

Fat Bodies

Answer 23

Fat Bodies - the yellow finger-like projections in the frog’s abdomen; Mostly fat bodies store energy, but they also help insulate, and cushion (protect) the frog. At the end of hibernation, fat bodies are pretty small. Why???

Question 24

8. Frog:

Heart

Answer 24

Heart - the organ that pumps oxygenated blood to the frog’s cells. The blood picks up oxygen from the lungs and sends it to the heart. The heart is part of the circulatory system and has three chambers.

Question 25

8. Frog:

Stomach

Answer 25

Stomach - the stomach is part of the digestive system. It is J-shaped and is posterior to the liver. Its job is to break up the food (by moving it around and with chemicals) that comes to it through the esophagus. Then the food is sent to the small intestine.

Question 26

8. Frog:

Glottis

Answer 26

Glottis - the glottis is part of the respiratory system and is the opening that allows air into the frog’s lungs. It can be found in the frog’s mouth and looks like a slit.

Question 27

8. Frog:

Small Intestine

Answer 27

Small Intestine - A coiled structure in the abdomen that is part of the frog’s digestive system. The s.i. helps take out the nutrients from the food and some water and passes the wastes on to the large intestine.

Question 28

8. Frog:

Large Intestine

Answer 28

Large Intestine - A larger diameter tube that is posterior to the small intestine. The large intestine connects to the cloaca send wastes out of the frog’s body through the cloaca. The large intestine also allows some water to be reabsorbed from the wastes.

Question 29

8. Frog:

Kidneys

Answer 29

Kidneys - The kidneys are part of the excretory system. There are two and they help remove wastes from the frog’s blood. They lie in the dorsal part of the abdomen and look like dark red bean-shaped organs. They have two small tubes attached to them that send urine to the bladder.

Question 30

8. Frog:

Lungs

Answer 30

Lungs - The lungs are part of the respiratory system. There are two and they bring oxygen into the frog by expanding. This oxygen moves into the blood and is sent to the heart. Carbon dioxide is exhaled by the frog. The lungs are superior to the liver and lie more dorsal than the heart does. They are spongy and expandable.