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GCSE Edexcel Separate Chemistry > SC8 Acids and Alkalis > Flashcards

SC8 Acids and Alkalis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a ph scale?

A

A scale used to determine how acidic or alkaline a solution is

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2
Q

What number on the pH scale are considered acidic?

A

<7

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3
Q

What number on the pH scale are considered alkaline?

A

> 7

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4
Q

What number on the pH scale are considered neutral?

A

7

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5
Q

How can we find out the pH of a substance?

A

Using an indicator

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6
Q

Name a few common indicators

A
  • litmus
  • methyl orange
  • phenolphthalein
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7
Q

What colour is litmus in acidic solutions?

A

Red

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8
Q

What colour is litmus in alkaline solutions?

A

Blue

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9
Q

What colour is methyl orange in acidic solutions?

A

Red

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10
Q

What colour is methyl orange in alkaline solutions?

A

Yellow

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11
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in acidic solutions?

A

colourless

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12
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in alkaline solutions?

A

Pink

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13
Q

What happens when acids dissolve in water?

A

They produce an excess of hydrogen ions

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14
Q

How does the concentration change in acidic solutions?

A

The higher the number of hydrogen ions in a certain volume, the higher the concentration. A higher concentration ensures a lower pH

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15
Q

What makes a solution acidic?

A

It contains hydrogen ions

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16
Q

What makes a solution alkaline?

A

The presence of hydroxide ions

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17
Q

How does concentration change in alkaline solutions?

A

The more the concentration of hydroxide ions increases the pH of an alkaline solution

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18
Q

What is the difference between a dilute and a concentrated solution?

A
  • a dilute solution only contains a small amount of a dissolved solute
  • a concentrated solution contains a large amount of a dissolved solute
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19
Q

How is concentration calculated?

A

amount dissolved/volume of solution

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20
Q

How is the concentration of hydrogen ions linked to the pH of an acid?

A

If the concentration of hydrogen ions is increased by a factor of 10, the pH decreases by 1

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21
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

An acid wherein ions completely dissociate into the solution

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22
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

An acid wherein ions only partially dissociate into the solution

23
Q

What are bases?

A

Substances that neutralise acids to form a salt and water only

24
Q

Write the word equation for when a metal oxide reacts with an acid

A

metal oxide + acid —> salt + water

25
Q

What happens during a neutralisation reaction?

A

The hydrogen ions from the acid react with the hydroxide ions in the alkali/ base forming water, which is neutral

26
Q

What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

A

An alkali is a soluble base, which means it can dissolve in water

27
Q

What are some examples of bases?

A

Metal oxides and metal hydroxides

28
Q

What happens in acid-metal reactions which results in the formation of a salt?

A

The salt is formed by replacing the hydrogen ions in acids with metal ions

29
Q

What salt does hydrochloric acid form?

A

Chloride

30
Q

What salt does sulfuric acid form?

A

Sulphate

31
Q

What salt does nitric acid form?

A

Nitrate

32
Q

State the word equation for a metal and an acid

A

metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen

33
Q

State the word equation for an acid and a metal carbonate

A

metal carbonate + acid —> salt + water + carbon dioxide

34
Q

State the word equation for a metal hydroxide and an acid

A

metal hydroxide + acid —> salt + water

35
Q

What is a hazard associated with hydrochloric acid?

A

Concentrated acid is corrosive and can damage skin and clothes

36
Q

What is a hazard associated with calcium hydroxide powder?

A
  • causes skin damage
  • causes eye irritation
  • may cause respiratory irritation
37
Q

How can we prevent a hazard occurring with hydrochloric acid?

A

Use dilute hydrochloric acid

38
Q

How can we prevent hazards from occurring in the lab?

A
  • wear eye protection
  • wear gloves
39
Q

What is solubility?

A

A measure of the maximum mass that will dissolve in a given volume of solvent at a particular temperature

40
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

An insoluble product that forms when two solutions are mixed and reacted together

41
Q

Name some soluble ionic compounds

A
  • all potassium, sodium and ammonium salts
  • all nitrates
  • most common chlorides
  • most common sulfates
42
Q

Name some soluble carbonates

A
  • sodium carbonate
  • potassium carbonate
  • ammonium carbonate
43
Q

Name some soluble hydroxides

A
  • sodium hydroxide
  • potassium hydroxide
  • ammonium hydroxide
44
Q

Name some insoluble ionic compounds

A
  • most common hydroxides
  • most common carbonates
45
Q

Name some insoluble chlorides

A
  • silver chloride
  • lead chloride
46
Q

Name some insoluble sulfates

A
  • lead sulphate
  • calcium sulphate
  • barium sulphate
47
Q

What is the reaction that produces a precipitate?

A

Precipitate reaction

48
Q

How can the solubility rules be used to predict the formation of a precipitate?

A

If the products fall into the ‘soluble’ column, they will not form a precipitate and if they fall into the ‘insoluble’ column, they will form a precipitate

49
Q

What happens when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid?

A
  • bubbles of carbon dioxide form
  • solid metal carbonate disappears if there is enough acid to react with all of it
50
Q

What is an oxidation reaction?

A

A loss of electrons

51
Q

What is a reduction reaction?

A

A gain in electrons

52
Q

Describe the test for hydrogen

A

Using a burning splint, hold it over a test tube filled with gas and it will produce a ‘squeaky pop’ sound

53
Q

Describe the test for carbon dioxide

A

Turns limewater milky when bubbled through

54
Q
A

GCSE Edexcel Separate Chemistry (23 decks)

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