Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE Edexcel Separate Chemistry > Paper 2 Knowledge Gaps: Content > Flashcards

Paper 2 Knowledge Gaps: Content Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

How is ethanol produced?

A

Through fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is ethanol concentrated?

A

fractional distillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Write a word equation for fermentation

A

Glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the formula for ethanol?

A

C2H50H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do the enzymes for fermentation come from?

A

From yeast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

State a quick overview of what happens in fermentation

A

Sugar or starch is dissolved in water and yeast is added

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do the enzymes do in fermentation?

A

They break down the sugars to alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does chemically oxidised alcohol produce?

A

Carboxylic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why must there be an air lock to ferment the ethanol?

A

To keep the oxygen out as yeast fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the highest concentration of alcohol produced by yeast fermentation?

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain how fractional distillation is used to produce more concentrated solutions of alcohol such as ethanol

A
  1. The water and ethanol solution are heated
  2. Ethanol evaporates first as it has a lower boiling point than water, cools then condenses
  3. The water left evaporates, cools then condenses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Write a balanced equation for the formation of ethanol from carbohydrates

A

C6H12O6 + enzymes → 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the general formula of a carboxylic acid?

A

Cn-1H2n+1COOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

State the chemical properties of alcohol

A
  • Produce carbon dioxide and water during complete combustion
  • can be oxidised to form carboxylic acids
  • react with reactive metals, forming water as one of the products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define addition polymerisation

A

A type of polymerisation in which the monomers add onto each other and no small molecule is eliminated. It only occurs with monomers that contain the double C bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do ethene molecules join together to form poly(ethene)?

A
  • They lose the carbon double bond
  • which then transfers to the sides of each of the carbons
    to form a repeating unit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do we deduce the structure of a monomer from the polymer?

A
  • Identify the repeating unit in the polymer
  • Change the single bond in the repeat unit to a double bond in the monomer
  • Remove the bond from each end of the repeat unit and the subscript n (which can be placed in front of the monomer)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define condensation polymerisation

A

A small molecule is formed as a byproduct each time a bond forms between two monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the uses of poly(tetrafluoroethene)?

A
  • nonstick coating for frying pans
  • burette taps
  • stain proof clothing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the properties of poly(tetrafluoroethene)?

A
  • tough
  • slippery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the uses of poly(chloroethene)?

A
  • window frames
  • gutters
  • pipes
22
Q

What are the properties of poly(chloroethene)?

A
  • tough
  • good insulator
  • rigid
  • flexible
23
Q

What are the uses of poly(propene)?

A
  • buckets
  • food packaging
  • ropes
24
Q

What are the uses of poly(ethene)?

A
  • plastic bags and bottles
  • cling film
25
Q

What are the properties of poly(propene)?

A
  • flexible
  • shatterproof
  • strong
26
Q

What are the properties of poly (ethene)?

A
  • flexible
  • cheap
  • good insulator
27
Q

What products are produced during the condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?

A

Esters and water

28
Q

What particular position must the two monomers be whilst reacting under condensation polymerisation?

A

functional monomers must be facing each other so that the ester link can be formed between the carbon and oxygen and water can be removed

29
Q

What is the general formula of alcohol?

A

CnH2n+1OH.

30
Q

Describe how to carry out a hydroxide precipitate test

A
  1. Place a little of the unknown solution in a test tube and add a few drops of dilute sodium hydroxide solution. Record any observations
  2. If a white precipitate forms, add an excess of sodium hydroxide and record any observations
31
Q

What is the hydroxide precipitate test carried out for?

A
  1. Place a little of the unknown solution in a test tube and add a few drops of dilute sodium hydroxide solution. Record any observations
  2. If a white precipitate forms, add an excess of sodium hydroxide and record any observations
32
Q

What is the effect of adding sodium hydroxide to aluminium?

A

Forms a white precipitate, dissolves in excess NaOH to form a colourless solution

33
Q

What is the effect of adding sodium hydroxide to calcium?

A

White precipitate, insoluble, so remains in excess sodium hydroxide

34
Q

What is the effect of adding sodium hydroxide to copper?

A

Light blue precipitate, insoluble in excess

35
Q

What is the effect of adding sodium hydroxide to iron II?

A

Green precipitate, insoluble in excess

36
Q

What is the effect of adding sodium hydroxide to iron III?

A

Red-brown precipitate, insoluble in excess

37
Q

How can we test for ammonium ions using sodium hydroxide?

A
  1. Gently heat the solution after adding the NaOH
  2. If ammonium ion is present, it produces ammonium gas and can be tested with red litmus paper
38
Q

Describe the test for ammonia using HCl

A
  1. React the gas with HCl
  2. A white smoke is produced if ammonium gas is present of ammonium chloride
39
Q

How can we test for the presence of a carbonate ion?

A

Bubble the gas through limewater or any dilute acid. If the limwater goes cloudy, it indicates the presence of CO2

40
Q

How can we test for the presence of a sulfate ion?

A
  1. Add dilute HCl followed by a barium chloride solution
  2. A white precipitate of barium sulfate will form when sulfate ions are in the solution
41
Q

How can we test for the presence of halide ions?

A
  1. Add dilute nitric acid followed by the addition of silver nitrate solution
  2. This will form a silver halide precipitate
  3. Depending on the halide present, a different colour precipitate is formed, allowing us to identify the halide ion
42
Q

What colour does chloride turn when added to a silver precipitate?

A

White

43
Q

What colour does bromide turn when added to a silver precipitate?

A

Cream

44
Q

What colour does iodine turn when added to a silver precipitate?

A

Yellow

45
Q

How is cataylitic cracking carried out?

A
  • crude oil fractions are heated to evaporate them
  • vapours are passed over a catalyst containing aluminium oxides
  • this breaks the covalent bonds when they come into contact with the surface of the catalyst, causing thermal decomposition reactions
  • this produces a random selection of alkanes and alkenes
46
Q

How is steam/thermal cracking carried out?

A
  • process carried out similar to catalytic cracking, but at higher temperatures
  • vapourised hydrocarbons are mixed with steam and heated to a high temperature, which induces cracking
47
Q

What is natural gas used for?

A

Domestic heating and cooking

48
Q

What is petrol used for?

A

Fuels for cars

49
Q

What is kerosene used for?

A

Jet fuel

50
Q

What is diesel used for?

A

Fuel for some cars and trains

51
Q

What is fuel oil used for?

A

Ships and power station

52
Q

What is bitumen used for?

A

Surfacing roads and roofs

GCSE Edexcel Separate Chemistry (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions