SBI Unit 4 Digestive system

Question 1

what are the 3 purposes of the digestive system?

Answer 1

1.Digestion of food to nutrients
2.Absorption of nurturance into the bloodstream
3.Elimination of solid waste

Question 2

What is Lactose intolerance, Crohn’s disease, IBS, Celiac diesease, Acid reflex (GERD),diverticulosis, and fecal incontinence

Answer 2

Lactose Intolerance: body cant breakdown lactose cuz no lactase production :(

Crohn’s disease: inflammation in the small intestine/bowl

IBS:increased contractions in colon

celiac disease: body cannot digest gluten in the small intestine

acid reflex:stomach **acid goes back up **esophagus

diverticulosis: abnormal pouches in small intestine wall that inflame

Question 3

types of enzymes 1.Carbohydrates: breakdown ____ →and found in the ___

2. Lipase: breakdown _____ →_ and found in the _
3. Protease/Pepsin breakdown ____ → _____ and found in the ______

4.Nuclease: breakdown ___ →____ and found in the ____

Answer 3

1. Carbohydrates: breakdown carbohydrates →sugars found in **small intestine **
2. Lipase: breakdown lipids →alcochol and fatty acid found in small intestine
3. Protease/Pepsin breakdown proteins → ammeno acids found in stomach

4.Nuclease: breakdown nucleaic acid →nucleatides found in small intestine

Question 4

What are the 3 fluid compartments in the body?

Answer 4

Cytoplasm: inside cells
intestinal fluid: in between cells
Plasma: portion in blood

Question 5

What are essential nutrients?

Answer 5

Nutrients needed in the body that you need to get through eating, body cannot make.

Question 6

What are the 4 major macro molecules?

Answer 6

Carbohydrates: broken down for energy
lipids(fats)(triglyceride):broken down for energy, harder to brake down=long term energy source, insoluble in water, cushions organs,
Proteins: broken down for energy
nucleic acids: DNA

Question 7

What makes up a metabolism?

Answer 7

Anabolism:building molecules/energy
metabolism: breaking down energy/molecules

Question 8

What are the 2 types if lipids(fat)?

Answer 8

-unsaturated:double bond fatty acids (liquid at room temp)
-saturated: non double bond fatty acids (solid at room temp)

Question 9

what are the 4 stages of the digestive system?

Answer 9

1.Ingestion: yum yum
2.Digestion: mechanical or chemical
3.Absorption: products in digestive system → circulatory system
4. Elimination: undigested wast gets evicted

Question 10

Salutatory glands

Mouth, teeth, and tongue:

Esophagus

Stomach:
Stomach spharinx:

The small intestine:
villi
lacteal
Liver
Gallbladder:
Pancreas

The large intestine:
Rectum:
Anus:

Answer 10

Salutatory glands:make saliva

Mouth, teeth, and tongue: mechanical digestion and chemical

Esophagus: moves food from mouth to stomach through peristalsis (muscle contractions)

Stomach: 4 layers, contains Hydrochloric acid and gastric juices to digest food
Stomach spharinx: the spharinx that controls what goes in the stomach and out

The small intestine: 3 parts, absorbs nutrient from chyme
Duodenum: beginning
Jejunum: 2nd part, lined with villi (hair like projectiles that slow food passage, blood absorb nutrients, and increase surface area in the small intestine)
Ileum: 3rd part, lined with villi (hair like projectiles that slow food passage, blood absorb nutrients, and increase surface area in the small intestine)
lacteal: a lymphatic vessel within a villus, through which digested fats enter the circulatory system

Liver: makes bile/gall to digest fats, liver stores iron and fat-soluble vitamins

Gallbladder: contracts and discharges bile through cystic ducts and common bile ducts into the duodenum of the small intestine.

Pancreas: makes pancreas juices that contain enzymes that go into the duodenum from the pancreatic duct to digest

The large intestine: absorbs water and remaining nutrients from chyme, stores unusable food matter (shit), and eliminates shit from the body.

Rectum: stores feces
Anus: shit exits the body