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passmed 3a > sba > Flashcards

sba Flashcards

1
Q

abnormalities seen in bloods for DKA

A

Hyperglycaemia
acidosis
ketoneaemia
mildly raised creatinine

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2
Q

fluid bolus treatment for child in dka

A

IV fluids ( 0.9% Nacl 10ml/kg) + SC insulin 0.1units per hour

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3
Q

common identified complication of juvenile idiopathic arthritis

A

chronic anterior uveitis

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4
Q

what would you expect to see in juvenile myoclonus epilepsy

A

jerking for up to 2hrs after waking

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5
Q

how does bacterial meningitis appear in csf

A

turbid appearance , raised polymorphs, raised protein and low glucose

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6
Q

how does fragile x present

A

large testicles
large face
large everted ears
prominent mandible

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7
Q

what medications are associated with delirium in the elderly

A

furosemide
oxybutinin
propranolol
rantidine

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8
Q

initial blood monitoring scheudule for clozapine ?

A

every week for 18 weeks

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9
Q

what is crown rump length and significance

A

measurement from top of head to bottom of buttocks

7mm or more indicates viable pregnancy

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10
Q

causes for oligohydramnios

A

anything that will cause reduced urine flow / output or rupture of membranes

  • pre eclampsia
    -renal agenesis
    -chromosaomal abnormality
    -placental insufficiency
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11
Q

most common type of vaginal cancer

A

metastatic - secondary vaginal cancer

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12
Q

a surge in which hormone causes ovulation

A

LH

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13
Q

MOST common cause of polyhydramnios

A

idiopathic

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14
Q

what is part of confusion screen

A

Chest x ray
crp
fbc
urinalysis

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15
Q

first line for MND

A

RILUZOLE

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16
Q

what is associated with a third nerve palsy

A

down and out
pain if due to pica
diplodopia
ptosis
mydriasis

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17
Q

first line for trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamezapine

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18
Q

what does double sickening suggest ?

A

bacterial sinusitis
initial illness then recovery then repeatedly worse sx

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19
Q

Parkinsons with associated autonomic dysfunction ie incontinence or ED would suggest

A

multiple system atrophy

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20
Q

chorea management in huntingtons

A

tetrabenazine

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21
Q

criteria for dka

A

Glucose >11 mmol/L or known diabetes mellitus
pH <7.3 nmol/L
Bicarbonate <15 mmol/L
Blood ketones >3 mmol/L or urine ketones 2+ on dipstick

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22
Q

what dm medication can cause fluid overload

A

pioglitazone do not give to patient with heart failure

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23
Q

what are the common features of enoch schonlein purpura

A

abdominal pain
arthralgia
fever
glomerulonephritis
Rash on arms legs and buttocks, abdomen is spared

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24
Q

how does ranitidine work

A

h2 receptor antagonist

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25
Q

what is a port wine stain caused by

A

naevus inflammus
vascular malformation of the capillaries in the dermis

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26
Q

what is strawberry nevus and when does it appear

A

first month of life
cavernous haemangimoma

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27
Q

first line tx for faecal impaction

A

macrogol laxative

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28
Q

surgical procedure for hirschprungs

A

Swenson procedure

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29
Q

what murmur is heard in ventricular septal defects

A

pan systolic murmur heard loudest at lower let sternal border

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30
Q

first line mx for BPD

A

dialectical behavior therapy

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31
Q

baseline rate for CTG

A

110-160

Brady below 160
tachy above 160

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32
Q

fetal heart rate should vary between

A

5-25p=bpm

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33
Q

what is fatal hydrops fetalis

A

accumulation of fluid or oedema in at least two fetal compartments

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34
Q

first line for induction of labour

A

vaginal pge

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35
Q

first line mx to control seizure in pre exlampsia

A

mag sulphate
if unsuccessful then diazepam

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36
Q

what is leiyoma

A

fibroid

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37
Q

how long can you detain in section 5(4)

A

6hours

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38
Q

features of wernickes Korsakoff syndrome

A

ataxia
anterograde memory loss
confabulation
ophthalmoplegia

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39
Q

what repeat is in huntingtons

A

cag

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40
Q

most common cause of convergent squitn

A

glaucoma

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41
Q

what is QRISK3 AND CHADVASC2 for

A

qrisk3- heart attack or stroke within 10yrs

chadvasc2- stroke risk with af

42
Q

genital wart treatment

A

topical podophylum

43
Q

first line tx for PID

A

STAT ceftriaxone then 14 days metronidazole and doxycycline

44
Q

genital wart treatment

A

SOLITARY - cryotherapy
multiple - topical podopylum

45
Q

first line tx for premature ejac

A

ssri

paroxetine

2nd- lidocaine anaesthetic for penile head to reduce sensation

46
Q

investigations and questions for premature ejac

A

past relationship history, pmh,control over ejaculation, latency time,

47
Q

features of ovarian tumors

A

amennorhea
hirsutism due to testosterone secretion
rupture of haemorrhage
thyrotoxicosius

48
Q

what is haematocopolpos

A

A haematocolpos is the accumulation of blood in the vagina. It usually presents as increasing abdominal distention and monthly discomfort without bleeding.

It is usually due to an imperforate hymen.

49
Q

acute and prophylactic tx for migraine

A

acute- sumatriptan
px- topiramate or propanolol

50
Q

precocious puberty in females is at what age

A

8

51
Q

diagnosis of choice for infantile colic

A

EEG to look for west syndrome

52
Q

spastic cerebral palsy is caused by damage to what

A

upper motor neurons in the periventricular white matter

53
Q

dyskinetic cerebral palsy is caused by damage to what

A

basal ganglia and substantia nigra

54
Q

what metabolic abnormality does pyloric stenosis cause

A

hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic alkalosis due to persistent vomiting

55
Q

most common cause of meconium aspiration syndrome

A

post term delivery

56
Q

poor prognostic factors for ALL

A

age < 2 years or > 10 years
WBC > 20 * 109/l at diagnosis
T or B cell surface markers
non-Caucasian
male sex

57
Q

WHAT blood condition is linked to ALL

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation

58
Q

reasons neonate specialist would be called in `

A

respiratory rate above 60 per minute
the presence of grunting
heart rate below 100 or above 160 beats/minute
capillary refill time above 3 seconds
temperature of 38°C or above, or 37.5°C on 2 occasions 30 minutes apart
oxygen saturation below 95%
presence of central cyanosis

59
Q

management for necrotising entereocolitis

A

broad spec abx

60
Q

common side effects of topical corticosteroids

A

acne
striae
telengiectasia
thinning of skin

61
Q

most common presentation of varicocele

A

asymptomatic
painless scortal swelling

62
Q

cerebral palsy risk factors

A

birth complications- asphyxia
maternal infection
prematurity
maternal thyroid

63
Q

diagnosis for type 1 diabetes

A

random glucose 11.1 +
fasting 7+
2hr glucose 11.1
hba1c- 48+ 6.5%

64
Q

most common cause of scarlet fever

A

strep pyogenes
treat with 10 days phenopxymethylpenicillin

65
Q

4 factors of delirium

A

Acute onset and fluctuating course
(2) Inattention
(3) Disorganised thinking
(4) Alteration in consciousness

66
Q

what abx is given to women in PROM

A

PO ERYTHROMYCIN

67
Q

how to tell between cauda equina vs malignant compression

A

malignant compressions is metastatic tumor spread into the spina column

68
Q

man with a background of prostate cancer presents to the emergency department with new onset severe back pain, leg weakness and perineal numbness ?

A

malignant compression - treat with high dose dexamethasone

69
Q

earliest symptom of NMCP and late ?

A

back pain worse lying down
late -urinary intontinence

70
Q

features of cauda equina

A

bilateral sciatica
urinary dysfunction
reduced sensation/pins-and-needles in the perianal area
reduced anal tonw

71
Q

directions for taking alendronic acid?

A

take 30 mins before food with plenty of water and stay sitting/ standing for 30 mins

72
Q

first and second line for gout

A

1- allopurinol
2- febuxostat

73
Q

LFT pattern for alcoholic liver disease

A

increase in ast +alt with ast/alt ratio 2:1

74
Q

what type of hallucination is most suggestive of delirium tremens

A

lilliputan- when they see small people

75
Q

what is panhypopituarism

A

deficiency of all thyroid hormones

76
Q

presentation of amaurossi fugax

A

ipsilateral , curtain coming down , vision loss

77
Q

pioglitlazone is CI in what patients

A

heart failure
bladder cancer

78
Q

good measure to differentiate type 1 and type2 dm with non specific symptoms

A

ANTI GAD

79
Q

when is metformin contraindicated

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 30 mL/minute/1.73 m2.
Risk of acute kidney injury, such as dehydration, prolonged fasting, severe infection, or shock.

80
Q

typical presentation of posterior cerebral artery stroke

A

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
Visual agnosia

81
Q

water deprivation test results for diabetes insipidus?

A

high serum osmolality, low urine osmolality post-water deprivation and failure to respond to desmopressin

82
Q

common preciptating factor for diabetes insipidus

A

lithium - causes desensitation of the kidneys to ADH

83
Q

WHAT is cranial diabetes

A

body is unable to produce sufficient amounts of vasopressin a.k.a antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

84
Q

WHAT is nephoregenic diabetes

A

kidneys inability to respond to vasopressin.

85
Q

management for cranial and nephrogenic diabetes I

A

Cranial - vasopressin
nephrogenic- chlorothiazide

86
Q

important screening for downs in children who do sports

A

atlantoaxial instability - increased risk of neck dislocation

87
Q

pneumonia with mycoplasma what abx would you give

A

erythromycin

88
Q

most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in children

A

strep pneumonia

89
Q

what type of inheritance is prader willi

A

imprinting- did not receive gene from father

90
Q

alternative to metronidazole for BV

A

topical clindamycin

91
Q

motile trophozites?

A

tv

92
Q

flagellated protozoa ?

A

bv

93
Q

what cardiac medication can worsen myasthenia gravis

A

beta blocker

94
Q

diagnosis for myasthenia

A

antibody screen for ach receptors

95
Q

what is miller fischer syndrome

A

subtype of guillan barre
ataxia, areflexia, opthalmoplegia

96
Q

lichen sclerosis presentation

A

tight white ring around penis head

97
Q

investigations for erythema nodosum

A

serum ACE, sputum culture, chest x ray

98
Q

treatment for lichen sclerosis

A

topical clobetasol propionate

99
Q

what is ezxcema herpeticum

A

atopic exzema that progresses into severe due to infection with coxackie
needs IV anti viral urgent hospital admission

100
Q
A

passmed 3a (5 decks)

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