sba Flashcards
abnormalities seen in bloods for DKA
Hyperglycaemia
acidosis
ketoneaemia
mildly raised creatinine
fluid bolus treatment for child in dka
IV fluids ( 0.9% Nacl 10ml/kg) + SC insulin 0.1units per hour
common identified complication of juvenile idiopathic arthritis
chronic anterior uveitis
what would you expect to see in juvenile myoclonus epilepsy
jerking for up to 2hrs after waking
how does bacterial meningitis appear in csf
turbid appearance , raised polymorphs, raised protein and low glucose
how does fragile x present
large testicles
large face
large everted ears
prominent mandible
what medications are associated with delirium in the elderly
furosemide
oxybutinin
propranolol
rantidine
initial blood monitoring scheudule for clozapine ?
every week for 18 weeks
what is crown rump length and significance
measurement from top of head to bottom of buttocks
7mm or more indicates viable pregnancy
causes for oligohydramnios
anything that will cause reduced urine flow / output or rupture of membranes
- pre eclampsia
-renal agenesis
-chromosaomal abnormality
-placental insufficiency
most common type of vaginal cancer
metastatic - secondary vaginal cancer
a surge in which hormone causes ovulation
LH
MOST common cause of polyhydramnios
idiopathic
what is part of confusion screen
Chest x ray
crp
fbc
urinalysis
first line for MND
RILUZOLE
what is associated with a third nerve palsy
down and out
pain if due to pica
diplodopia
ptosis
mydriasis
first line for trigeminal neuralgia
carbamezapine
what does double sickening suggest ?
bacterial sinusitis
initial illness then recovery then repeatedly worse sx
Parkinsons with associated autonomic dysfunction ie incontinence or ED would suggest
multiple system atrophy
chorea management in huntingtons
tetrabenazine
criteria for dka
Glucose >11 mmol/L or known diabetes mellitus
pH <7.3 nmol/L
Bicarbonate <15 mmol/L
Blood ketones >3 mmol/L or urine ketones 2+ on dipstick
what dm medication can cause fluid overload
pioglitazone do not give to patient with heart failure
what are the common features of enoch schonlein purpura
abdominal pain
arthralgia
fever
glomerulonephritis
Rash on arms legs and buttocks, abdomen is spared
how does ranitidine work
h2 receptor antagonist
what is a port wine stain caused by
naevus inflammus
vascular malformation of the capillaries in the dermis
what is strawberry nevus and when does it appear
first month of life
cavernous haemangimoma
first line tx for faecal impaction
macrogol laxative
surgical procedure for hirschprungs
Swenson procedure
what murmur is heard in ventricular septal defects
pan systolic murmur heard loudest at lower let sternal border
first line mx for BPD
dialectical behavior therapy
baseline rate for CTG
110-160
Brady below 160
tachy above 160
fetal heart rate should vary between
5-25p=bpm
what is fatal hydrops fetalis
accumulation of fluid or oedema in at least two fetal compartments
first line for induction of labour
vaginal pge
first line mx to control seizure in pre exlampsia
mag sulphate
if unsuccessful then diazepam
what is leiyoma
fibroid
how long can you detain in section 5(4)
6hours
features of wernickes Korsakoff syndrome
ataxia
anterograde memory loss
confabulation
ophthalmoplegia
what repeat is in huntingtons
cag
most common cause of convergent squitn
glaucoma
what is QRISK3 AND CHADVASC2 for
qrisk3- heart attack or stroke within 10yrs
chadvasc2- stroke risk with af
genital wart treatment
topical podophylum
first line tx for PID
STAT ceftriaxone then 14 days metronidazole and doxycycline
genital wart treatment
SOLITARY - cryotherapy
multiple - topical podopylum
first line tx for premature ejac
ssri
paroxetine
2nd- lidocaine anaesthetic for penile head to reduce sensation
investigations and questions for premature ejac
past relationship history, pmh,control over ejaculation, latency time,
features of ovarian tumors
amennorhea
hirsutism due to testosterone secretion
rupture of haemorrhage
thyrotoxicosius
what is haematocopolpos
A haematocolpos is the accumulation of blood in the vagina. It usually presents as increasing abdominal distention and monthly discomfort without bleeding.
It is usually due to an imperforate hymen.
acute and prophylactic tx for migraine
acute- sumatriptan
px- topiramate or propanolol
precocious puberty in females is at what age
8
diagnosis of choice for infantile colic
EEG to look for west syndrome
spastic cerebral palsy is caused by damage to what
upper motor neurons in the periventricular white matter
dyskinetic cerebral palsy is caused by damage to what
basal ganglia and substantia nigra
what metabolic abnormality does pyloric stenosis cause
hypochloraemic, hypokalaemic alkalosis due to persistent vomiting
most common cause of meconium aspiration syndrome
post term delivery
poor prognostic factors for ALL
age < 2 years or > 10 years
WBC > 20 * 109/l at diagnosis
T or B cell surface markers
non-Caucasian
male sex
WHAT blood condition is linked to ALL
disseminated intravascular coagulation
reasons neonate specialist would be called in `
respiratory rate above 60 per minute
the presence of grunting
heart rate below 100 or above 160 beats/minute
capillary refill time above 3 seconds
temperature of 38°C or above, or 37.5°C on 2 occasions 30 minutes apart
oxygen saturation below 95%
presence of central cyanosis
management for necrotising entereocolitis
broad spec abx
common side effects of topical corticosteroids
acne
striae
telengiectasia
thinning of skin
most common presentation of varicocele
asymptomatic
painless scortal swelling
cerebral palsy risk factors
birth complications- asphyxia
maternal infection
prematurity
maternal thyroid
diagnosis for type 1 diabetes
random glucose 11.1 +
fasting 7+
2hr glucose 11.1
hba1c- 48+ 6.5%
most common cause of scarlet fever
strep pyogenes
treat with 10 days phenopxymethylpenicillin
4 factors of delirium
Acute onset and fluctuating course
(2) Inattention
(3) Disorganised thinking
(4) Alteration in consciousness
what abx is given to women in PROM
PO ERYTHROMYCIN
how to tell between cauda equina vs malignant compression
malignant compressions is metastatic tumor spread into the spina column
man with a background of prostate cancer presents to the emergency department with new onset severe back pain, leg weakness and perineal numbness ?
malignant compression - treat with high dose dexamethasone
earliest symptom of NMCP and late ?
back pain worse lying down
late -urinary intontinence
features of cauda equina
bilateral sciatica
urinary dysfunction
reduced sensation/pins-and-needles in the perianal area
reduced anal tonw
directions for taking alendronic acid?
take 30 mins before food with plenty of water and stay sitting/ standing for 30 mins
first and second line for gout
1- allopurinol
2- febuxostat
LFT pattern for alcoholic liver disease
increase in ast +alt with ast/alt ratio 2:1
what type of hallucination is most suggestive of delirium tremens
lilliputan- when they see small people
what is panhypopituarism
deficiency of all thyroid hormones
presentation of amaurossi fugax
ipsilateral , curtain coming down , vision loss
pioglitlazone is CI in what patients
heart failure
bladder cancer
good measure to differentiate type 1 and type2 dm with non specific symptoms
ANTI GAD
when is metformin contraindicated
Diabetic ketoacidosis.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 30 mL/minute/1.73 m2.
Risk of acute kidney injury, such as dehydration, prolonged fasting, severe infection, or shock.
typical presentation of posterior cerebral artery stroke
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
Visual agnosia
water deprivation test results for diabetes insipidus?
high serum osmolality, low urine osmolality post-water deprivation and failure to respond to desmopressin
common preciptating factor for diabetes insipidus
lithium - causes desensitation of the kidneys to ADH
WHAT is cranial diabetes
body is unable to produce sufficient amounts of vasopressin a.k.a antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
WHAT is nephoregenic diabetes
kidneys inability to respond to vasopressin.
management for cranial and nephrogenic diabetes I
Cranial - vasopressin
nephrogenic- chlorothiazide
important screening for downs in children who do sports
atlantoaxial instability - increased risk of neck dislocation
pneumonia with mycoplasma what abx would you give
erythromycin
most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in children
strep pneumonia
what type of inheritance is prader willi
imprinting- did not receive gene from father
alternative to metronidazole for BV
topical clindamycin
motile trophozites?
tv
flagellated protozoa ?
bv
what cardiac medication can worsen myasthenia gravis
beta blocker
diagnosis for myasthenia
antibody screen for ach receptors
what is miller fischer syndrome
subtype of guillan barre
ataxia, areflexia, opthalmoplegia
lichen sclerosis presentation
tight white ring around penis head
investigations for erythema nodosum
serum ACE, sputum culture, chest x ray
treatment for lichen sclerosis
topical clobetasol propionate
what is ezxcema herpeticum
atopic exzema that progresses into severe due to infection with coxackie
needs IV anti viral urgent hospital admission
