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passmed 3a > saQ > Flashcards

saQ Flashcards

1
Q

define epilepsy

A

transient episode of intermittent abnormal electrical activity within the brain

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2
Q

what would a lumbar puncture show for SAH

A

XANTHROCHROMIA - biliribun- breakdown of rbc

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3
Q

what is kernigs sign and what does it demonstrate

A

extension of the knee with a flexed hip causes pain

shows meningeal irritation

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4
Q

how will a subdural haematoma present on ct

A

cresent shaped

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5
Q

is a SAH an arterial or venous haemorrhage

A

arterial

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6
Q

what should you co prescribe with levodopa

A

DDCI - decarboxylase dopamine

carbidopa

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7
Q

mc bacterial causes of meningitis in adults

A

mycoplasma pneumonia

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8
Q

mc bacterial cause of meningitis in 0-3 months

A

group b strep

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9
Q

in first episode psychosis what psychological tx should be considered

A

cbt
hearing voices group
psychoeducation

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10
Q

risk factors for IUGR

A

smoking
pre eclampsia
prior htn
multiple pregnancy

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11
Q

pharmacological tx for IUGR and why

A
  • steroids to support lung function as there is not enough surfactant if early delivery is needed

mag sulphate for neuroprotetin

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12
Q

csf lumbar puncture findings for guillan barre

A

normal wcc, normal glucose raised protein

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13
Q

histopathology for Parkinsons

A

presence of lewy bodies
loss of dopaminergic neurons in SNPC

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14
Q

risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia

A

tamoxifen

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15
Q

WHAT type of tumor is associated with enomdetrial hyperplasia

A

granulose cell tumors

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16
Q

chocolate cysts are also known as?

A

endometriotic cyst

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17
Q

most common type of ovarian cancer

A

serous carcinoma

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18
Q

how do you diagnose postural htn

A

Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a fall in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mmHg (at least 30 mmHg in patients with hypertension) and/or a fall in diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing

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19
Q

causes of postural htn

A

drugs - alpha blockers tamsulosin
parkinsons
lewy body dementia

20
Q

treatment for postural htn

A

high salt diet
compression stockings
fludrocrotisone 2nd line

21
Q

what tool can be used to differentiate dementia vs delirium

A

CAM
confusion assesment methoid

22
Q

medications that can cause incontinence and urinary retention

A

incontinence - alpha blockers and diuretics
retention - anticholinergics , donepzil

23
Q

CI to thrombolysis

A

pregnancy
under 18 or over 80
recent lumbar punctue
suspected sah
major surgery within 14 days

24
Q

se of bisphosphonates

A

abdo pain
dyspepsia
abdo distension

25
Q

what is the purpose of prenatal screening

A

risk of trisomy chromosomal abnormalities

26
Q

main components of combined first trimester pregnancy screening

A

ultrasound of nuchal translucency

serum free hcg

PAPPA

27
Q

how is nuchal translucency measured

A

Nuchal translucency is measured via ultrasound and refers to the fluid-filled space
at the back of the fetal neck (1)
* An increased nuchal translucency measurement is associated with a higher risk of
Down syndrome

28
Q

if combined test suggest high risk downs what are the next steps

A

amniocentesis
or chorionic villus testing

29
Q

young male with early signs of puberty may indicate ?

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

30
Q

pathophysiology of congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

21 alpha hydroxylate
excessive androgen

31
Q

3 key features of CAH

A

ambitious genitalia
early onset puberty
large genitals
genital hair

32
Q

2 management options for cah

A

steroid replacement
surgical genital fixation

33
Q

first line for Heart failure

A

BB and aCEi

34
Q

characteristics of left sided HF

A

pink frothy sputum
third heart sound
bilateral putting oedema
bi basal crackles

35
Q

signs of aortic stenosis

A

splitting of second heart sound
ejection systolic murmur

36
Q

signs of right sided heart failure

A

hepatomegaly
raised JVP
ankle oedema

37
Q

first line test for suspected heart failure

A

pro bnp

38
Q

in what patients are nitrites contraindicated

A

patients with hypotension

39
Q

causes of falls

A

orthostatic htn
anaemia
structural heart defects
epilepsy
bppv

40
Q

aki and hyperkalaemia post fall would indicate

A

rhabdomylysis

41
Q

two types of psoriasis

A

pustular
facial

42
Q

features of diabetic foor ulcer

A

absent/ reduced monifilament sensation
charcot foot

43
Q

most common presentation of varicocele

A

asymptomatic
painless scortal swelling

44
Q

cerebral palsy risk factors

A

birth complications- asphyxia
maternal infection
prematurity
maternal thyroid

45
Q

diagnosis for type 1 diabetes

A

random glucose 11.1 +
fasting 7+
2hr glucose 11.1
hba1c- 48+ 6.5%

46
Q
A

passmed 3a (5 decks)

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