saQ Flashcards
define epilepsy
transient episode of intermittent abnormal electrical activity within the brain
what would a lumbar puncture show for SAH
XANTHROCHROMIA - biliribun- breakdown of rbc
what is kernigs sign and what does it demonstrate
extension of the knee with a flexed hip causes pain
shows meningeal irritation
how will a subdural haematoma present on ct
cresent shaped
is a SAH an arterial or venous haemorrhage
arterial
what should you co prescribe with levodopa
DDCI - decarboxylase dopamine
carbidopa
mc bacterial causes of meningitis in adults
mycoplasma pneumonia
mc bacterial cause of meningitis in 0-3 months
group b strep
in first episode psychosis what psychological tx should be considered
cbt
hearing voices group
psychoeducation
risk factors for IUGR
smoking
pre eclampsia
prior htn
multiple pregnancy
pharmacological tx for IUGR and why
- steroids to support lung function as there is not enough surfactant if early delivery is needed
mag sulphate for neuroprotetin
csf lumbar puncture findings for guillan barre
normal wcc, normal glucose raised protein
histopathology for Parkinsons
presence of lewy bodies
loss of dopaminergic neurons in SNPC
risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia
tamoxifen
WHAT type of tumor is associated with enomdetrial hyperplasia
granulose cell tumors
chocolate cysts are also known as?
endometriotic cyst
most common type of ovarian cancer
serous carcinoma
how do you diagnose postural htn
Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a fall in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mmHg (at least 30 mmHg in patients with hypertension) and/or a fall in diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing
causes of postural htn
drugs - alpha blockers tamsulosin
parkinsons
lewy body dementia
treatment for postural htn
high salt diet
compression stockings
fludrocrotisone 2nd line
what tool can be used to differentiate dementia vs delirium
CAM
confusion assesment methoid
medications that can cause incontinence and urinary retention
incontinence - alpha blockers and diuretics
retention - anticholinergics , donepzil
CI to thrombolysis
pregnancy
under 18 or over 80
recent lumbar punctue
suspected sah
major surgery within 14 days
se of bisphosphonates
abdo pain
dyspepsia
abdo distension
what is the purpose of prenatal screening
risk of trisomy chromosomal abnormalities
main components of combined first trimester pregnancy screening
ultrasound of nuchal translucency
serum free hcg
PAPPA
how is nuchal translucency measured
Nuchal translucency is measured via ultrasound and refers to the fluid-filled space
at the back of the fetal neck (1)
* An increased nuchal translucency measurement is associated with a higher risk of
Down syndrome
if combined test suggest high risk downs what are the next steps
amniocentesis
or chorionic villus testing
young male with early signs of puberty may indicate ?
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
pathophysiology of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
21 alpha hydroxylate
excessive androgen
3 key features of CAH
ambitious genitalia
early onset puberty
large genitals
genital hair
2 management options for cah
steroid replacement
surgical genital fixation
first line for Heart failure
BB and aCEi
characteristics of left sided HF
pink frothy sputum
third heart sound
bilateral putting oedema
bi basal crackles
signs of aortic stenosis
splitting of second heart sound
ejection systolic murmur
signs of right sided heart failure
hepatomegaly
raised JVP
ankle oedema
first line test for suspected heart failure
pro bnp
in what patients are nitrites contraindicated
patients with hypotension
causes of falls
orthostatic htn
anaemia
structural heart defects
epilepsy
bppv
aki and hyperkalaemia post fall would indicate
rhabdomylysis
two types of psoriasis
pustular
facial
features of diabetic foor ulcer
absent/ reduced monifilament sensation
charcot foot
most common presentation of varicocele
asymptomatic
painless scortal swelling
cerebral palsy risk factors
birth complications- asphyxia
maternal infection
prematurity
maternal thyroid
diagnosis for type 1 diabetes
random glucose 11.1 +
fasting 7+
2hr glucose 11.1
hba1c- 48+ 6.5%
