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biology gcse > sb6 > Flashcards

sb6 Flashcards

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1
Q

How would you describe photosynthetic organisms?

A

The main producers of food and biomass

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2
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

An endothermic reaction that uses light energy to react carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen

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3
Q

How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

the higher the light intensity, the faster the rate of photosynthesis

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4
Q

How does the concentration of carbon dioxide affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis

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5
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A
  • increasing temperature also increases rate of photosynthesis
  • this will continue until a point where enzymes start to denature and the rate of reaction decreases/stops
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6
Q

What is a limiting factor?

A

An environmental condition such as light intensity which in low levels restricts any increase in the rate of reaction

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7
Q

What is the independent variable in the cb6 core practical

A

light intensity and the distance from lamp

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8
Q

What is the dependant variable in the cb6 core practical?

A

The change in pH

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9
Q

What is the control variable for the cb6 core practical?

A
  • temperature (as it also affects rate of photosynthesis)
  • volume of indicator
  • number of algal balls
  • the lamp
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10
Q

How can you increase reliability of results?

A
  • repeating experiments
  • calculating a mean
  • identifying anomalies
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11
Q

What is the control experiment for the cb6 core practical?

A

The same experiment but with the tube covered in foil

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12
Q

Why is light intensity directly proportional to the rate of photosynthesis?

A

The greater the light intensity, the more light energy hit chloroplasts, where photosynthesis occurs

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13
Q

What is the inverse square law?

A

Light intensity = 1/distance^2

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14
Q

What are some adaptations of xylem cells?

A
  1. Lignin on cells
    —> withstands high water pressure
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15
Q

What are some adaptations of phloem cells?

A
  1. A lot of mitochondria from companion cells
    —> for energy to transport sucrose
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16
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Evaporation of water through the leaves from the stomata

17
Q

What are some factors that affect the rate of transpiration?

A
  1. Wind
    —> moves water molecules away from stomata, increases diffusion gradient
  2. Humidity
    —> reduces diffusion gradient
  3. Temperature
    —> particles move faster in higher temperature so faster diffusion
  4. Light intensity
    —> stomata is wider in greater light
18
Q

What is translocation?

A

Movement of sucrose made in the leaves up or down the phloem

19
Q

What are some leaf adaptations?

A
  1. Stomata
    —> able to open and close to control how much water is lost
    —> allow gas exchange
  2. Chlorophyll
    —> green so absorbs light for photosynthesis
  3. Thin
    —> carbon dioxide and oxygen have a small distance to diffuse
  4. Large surface area
    —> leaf absorbs more light at once
20
Q

How is transpiration calculated?

A

Using a potometer

  1. Place a plant in the capillary tube
  2. Measure distance travelled by bubble with a ruler

The further the bubble moves, the greater the rate of transpiration

21
Q

How is water in the root transported through the leaves of the plant?

A
  • through root hair cells from osmosis
  • then through xylem
  • then goes through transpiration
22
Q

What are some adaptations of desert plants?

A
  1. spines
    —> reduced surface area
    —> stops animals from eating it for water
    —> less water lost by evaporation
  2. thick waxy cuticle
    —> less water lost by evaporation
23
Q

What is the function of the empty spaces in a plant cell?

A
  • gas exchange
  • lets carbon dioxide in and oxygen out
24
Q

Why do leaves in the shade have a bigger width than leaves in the sunlight?

A

To absorb more light

25
Q

What are some uses of auxins?

A
  1. Selective weed killers
    —> kills broad leaves plants
    —> kills weeds but not narrow leaves plants
26
Q

What are some uses of giberellins?

A
  1. Stimulates development of seedless fruits
  2. Promotes fruit formation
27
Q

What are some uses of ethene?

A
  1. Fruit ripening
28
Q

what does weed killer do?

A
  • causes weeds to overgrow
  • one example is auxins

biology gcse (9 decks)

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