Savarese chapter 8 (LE) Flashcards
Primary extensor of the hip
Gluteus maximus
Primary flexor of the hip
Iliopsoas
Primary extensors of the knee
Quads
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius
Primary flexors of the knee
Semimembranous and semitendinosus (hamstrings)
The ligament at the head of the femur attaching to the ace tabular fossa is called
Capitis femoris
Piriformis or iliopsoas spasm will cause
the hip to be restricted in internal rotation
Pronation of the foot will cause the fibular head to glide
anteriorly
Supination of the foot will cause the fibular head to glide
posteriorly
Pronation of the ankle =
dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction
Supination of the ankle =
plantarflexion, inversion, and adduction
Femoral Nerve
L2-L4
Motor - quads, iliacus, sartorius, & pectineus
Sensory - anterior thigh and medial leg
Sciatic Nerve
L4-S3
Splits into the tibial and perineal nerves
Tibial Nerve
L4-S3
Motor - Hamstrings(except short head of biceps femurs), most plantar flexors, and toe flexors
Sensory - Lower leg and plantar aspect if the foot
Peroneal Nerve
Motor - Short head of biceps femurs, evertors & dorsiflexors of the foot, and most extensors of the toes
Sensory - Lower leg and dorsum of the foot
If the angle between the neck and the shaft of the femur is s called
Coxa vara
If the angle between the neck and the shaft of the femur is >135 degrees, it’s called
Coxa valga
The Q angle is formed by the intersection of a line from the
ASIS through the middle of the patella and a line from the tibial tubercle through the middle of the patella
A normal Q angle is
10-12 degrees
An increased Q angle is called
Genu valgum, the patient will appear knock-kneed
A decreased Q angle is called
Genu varum, the patient will appear bowlegged
A posterior fibular head or fracture of the fibular may disturb the function of this nerve
Common peroneal nerve
Patello-femoral syndrome
Due to an imbalance of the musculature of the quads (strong vastus lateralis and weak vastus medialis).
Related to a larger Q angle.
Patello-femoral syndrome in more common in
women because a wider pelvis often results in a larger Q angle
First degree sprain
no tear resulting in good tensile strength and no laxity
Second degree sprain
partial tear resulting in decreased tensile strength with mild to moderate laxity
Third degree sprain
complete tear resulting in no tensile strength and severe laxity, requires surgery
O’Donahue’s triad / Terrible triad
Injury to the ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus
Main motions of the Talocrural (tibiotalar) joint
Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
The ankle is more stable in
dorsiflexion
The lateral stabilizers of the ankle are the
Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
They prevent excessive supination
The most commonly injured ligament in the foot is the
Anterior Talofibular Ligament
The medial stabilizer of the ankle is the
deltoid ligament
Excessive pronation of the foot results in
fracture of the medial malleolus instead of pure ligamentous injury
Spring Ligament
calcaneonavicular ligament
supports the medial longitudinal arch
Plantar Aponeurosis
plantar fascia
chronic inflammation here can lead to calcification and heel spurs
