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STM 010 review > SAS 6 > Flashcards

SAS 6 Flashcards

1
Q

bones of the center, or axis, of the body make up the axial skeleton

bones of head and trunk

forms longitudinal axis of body

has 80 bones

A

Axial Skeleton

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2
Q

has 80 bones (Axial Skeleton)

A
  • Skull
  • Bones associated with the skull
  • Thoracic cage
  • Vertebral column
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3
Q

8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones

A

Skull

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4
Q

6 auditory ossicles (ear bones) and hyoid bone

A

Bones associated with the skull

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5
Q

sternum and 24 ribs

A

Thoracic cage

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6
Q

24 vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx

A

Vertebral column

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7
Q

functions of Axial Skeleton

A
  • supports and protects organs in body cavities
  • provides points of attachment for muscles that
  • adjust positions of head, neck, and trunk
  • perform breathing movements
  • stabilize parts of appendicular skeleton
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8
Q

the bones of the upper and lower extremities of appendages make up the ________

  • bones that support the limbs
A

Appendicular Skeleton

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9
Q

parts of axial skeleton

A
  • Skull
  • Spine
  • Thorax
  • Hyoid bone
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10
Q

8 bones that form the cranium
- including calvaria (skullcap)
- enclose cranial cavity, containing the brain

A

Skull

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11
Q

14 bones that form the face
- protect and support entrances to digestive and respiratory tracts

A

Skull

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12
Q

6 tiny bones in the middle ear
- the auditory ossicles
- three tiny bones in tympanic cavity (middle ear)
- transfer sound vibrations from tympanic membrane (eardrum) to internal ear

A

Skull

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13
Q

provide protection for the brain and organs of vision, taste, hearing, equilibrium, and smell

also provide attachment for muscles that move the head and control facial expressions and chewing

A

Skull

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14
Q

Skull (number of)

A
  • 8 bones that form the cranium
  • 14 bones that form the face
  • 6 tiny bones in the middle ear
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15
Q

protects the spinal cord

consist of a series of separate bones, or vertebrae, connected in such a way that they form a flexible curved rod

A

Spine

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16
Q

provides support for the head and trunk of the body, protection for the spinal cord, and connecting points for the ribs and muscles

supports the head and body

A

Spine

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17
Q

a series of separate bones

A

vertebrae

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18
Q

bones of spine

A

26 bones
- 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx

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19
Q

five vertebral regions:

A
  • cervical vertebrae
  • thoracic vertebrae
  • lumbar vertebrae
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
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20
Q
  • small body (support only head)
  • large vertebral foramen (largest part of spinal cord)
  • concave superior surface
  • anterior edge is inferior to posterior edge
A

cervical vertebrae

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21
Q

largest part of spinal cord

A

large vertebral foramen

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22
Q
  • have heart-shaped bodies
  • larger bodies and relatively smaller vertebral foramina than those in cervical vertebrae
  • long, slender spinous process
  • dorsolateral surfaces of body have costal facets
  • articulate with heads of ribs
A

thoracic vertebrae

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23
Q
  • largest vertebrae
  • thick, oval-shaped bodies
  • no costal facets or transverse costal facets
  • triangular vertebral foramen
  • superior articular processes face medially
  • inferior articular processes face laterally
  • slender transverse processes project dorsolaterally
  • massive spinous processes
  • for attachment of lower back muscles
A

lumbar vertebrae

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24
Q
  • articulates with the coccyx
  • curved, more so in males than in females
  • protects reproductive, urinary, and digestive organs
  • attaches axial skeleton to pelvic girdle, broad muscles that move the thigh
A

sacrum

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25
Q

the adult sacrum consists of __________, fusion occurs between ________

A
  • five fused sacral vertebrae
  • puberty and ages 25–30, leaving transverse lines
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26
Q

attaches ligaments and a constricting muscle of the anus

A

coccyx

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27
Q

mature coccyx consists of

A

three to five fused coccygeal vertebrae

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28
Q

12 pairs of ribs, the sternum (breastbone), and the thoracic vertebrae from the bone

A

Thorax

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29
Q

each of the 12 pairs of ribs is attached ________ to a vertebra

A

posteriorly

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30
Q

all ribs except the lower two pairs are attached to the sternum and so have anterior and posterior anchors

A

Thorax

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31
Q
  • the skeleton of the chest
  • ribs and sternum form rib cage
A

Thorax

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32
Q

protects organs of the thoracic cavity including heart, lungs, and thymus

provides attachment for muscles involved in breathing, maintaining position of vertebral column, and moving pectoral girdles

A

thoracic cage

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33
Q

12 pairs of long, curved, flat bones
extending from thoracic vertebrae

A

Ribs

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34
Q

two types of ribs

A
  • true ribs
  • false ribs
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35
Q
  • vertebrosternal ribs
  • connected to sternum by costal cartilages
A

true ribs

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36
Q
  • do not attach directly to sternum
  • connect only to vertebrae and muscles of body wall
A
37
Q

flat bone in anterior midline of thoracic wall

A

Sternum (breastbone)

38
Q

three parts of the sternum

A

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

39
Q

the only bone that does not articulate with another bone

located in the neck, isolated from all the other bones

A

Hyoid Bone

40
Q

connected by ligaments to the styloid process of the temporal bones

makes up a superior aspect of the larynx

A

Hyoid bone

41
Q

supports the larynx
attaches muscles of larynx, pharynx, and tongue

serves as a moveable base for the tongue

A

Hyoid bone

42
Q

Upper seven vertebrae

A

Cervical vertebrae

43
Q

Next 12 vertebrae; ribs attach to these

A

Thoracic Vertebrae

44
Q

Next 5 vertebrae; located in the small of back

A

Lumbar Vertebrae

45
Q

In child: 5 separate vertebrae
In adult: fused into one

A

Sacrum

46
Q

In child: 3-5 separate vertebrae
In adult: fused into one

A

Coccyx

47
Q
  • includes 60 percent of bones in the body
  • allows us to move and manipulate objects
A

Appendicular Skeleton

48
Q

includes:
bones of limbs
supporting bone girdles

A

Appendicular Skeleton

49
Q

Upper Extremities

A
  • PECTORAL (SHOULDER) GIRDLE
  • UPPER LIMB
50
Q
  • connects each arm to the body
  • movements position the shoulder joint and provide a basis for arm movement
  • connects with the axial skeleton only at the manubrium
A

PECTORAL (SHOULDER) GIRDLE

51
Q

each two shoulder girdles consist of two bones:

A
  • S-shaped clavicle (collarbones)
  • Scapula (shoulder blades)
52
Q
  • articulates with the sternum and the scapula
  • originate at the manubrium (sternal end)
  • articulate with the scapulae (acromial end)
A

S-shaped clavicle (collarbones)

53
Q
  • broad, flat triangles
  • articulate with humerus and clavicle
  • anterior surface depression is subscapular fossa
A

Scapula (shoulder blades)

54
Q

consists of bones of the:
- arms (arm = shoulder to elbow)
- forearms
- wrists
- hands

A

Upper limb

55
Q
  • the only bone in the arm (brachium)
  • extends from scapula to elbow
A

Humerus

56
Q

consists of two long bones:
- Ulna (medial)
- Radius (lateral)

A

Forearm (antebrachium)

57
Q
  • fibrous sheet
  • connects lateral margin of ulna to radius
A

interosseous membrane

58
Q

Bones of wrists and hands

A
  • eight carpal bones
  • metacarpals
  • phalanges (finger bones)
59
Q

eight carpal bones

A
  • four proximal carpal bones
  • four distal carpal bones
  • allow wrist to bend and twist
60
Q
  • the five long bones of the hand
  • numbered I–V from lateral to medial
  • articulate with proximal phalanges
A

metacarpals

61
Q

phalanges (finger bones)

A
  • pollex (thumb)
    • has two phalanges (proximal, distal)
  • each of the other four fingers
    • has three phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)
62
Q

LOWER EXTREMITIES

A
  • PELVIC (HIP) GIRDLE
  • LOWER LIMB
63
Q
  • transfers the weight of the upper body to the legs
  • attaches to lower limbs
  • strong to bear body weight and provide mobility
  • part of the pelvis
A

PELVIC (HIP) GIRDLE

64
Q

PELVIC (HIP) GIRDLE
consists of two hip bones:

A

coxal bones or pelvic bones

65
Q

each hip bone consists of three fused bones:

A
  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubis
66
Q

together with sacrum and coccyx, the pelvic girdle firms an…..

A

bowl-shaped regio, the pelvis, that protects internal reproductive organs, the urinary bladder, and the lower part of the digestive tract

67
Q
  • consists of two hip bones, sacrum and coccyx
  • stabilized by ligaments of pelvic girdle, sacrum, and lumbar vertebrae
A

Pelvis

68
Q
  • broader, smoother, and lighter
  • less-prominent markings
  • shallower iliac fossa
  • wider pelvic outlet
  • triangular obturator foramen
A

female pelvis

69
Q

thigh, leg and foot constitute this limb

bones of this are considerably larger and stronger than comparable bones of the upper limbs because the lower limbs must support the entire weight of the body while walking running or jumping

A

LOWER LIMB

70
Q

functions of the lower limbs:

A
  • weight bearing
  • movement
71
Q

distal portion of limb (from knee to ankle)

A

leg

72
Q

bones of the lower limbs:

A
  • femur (in thigh)
  • patella (kneecap)
  • tibia and fibula (in leg)
  • tarsal bones
  • metatarsals
  • phalanges
73
Q

longest, heaviest bone in body

A

femur (in thigh)

74
Q

articulates with hip bone at acetabulum, attaches with ligament at fovea capitis

A

head (epiphysis)

75
Q

joins shaft at an angle of about 125 degrees

A

neck

76
Q
  • large sesamoid bone
  • forms within tendon of quadriceps femoris
  • quadriceps tendon attaches near base
  • patellar ligament attaches apex to tibia
A

patella (kneecap)

77
Q

bound together by interosseous membrane

A

tibia and fibula (in leg)

78
Q
  • large, medial, weight-bearing bone of leg
  • medial and lateral tibial condyles
  • articulate with medial and lateral condyles of femur
  • separated by intercondylar eminence
A

tibia (shinbone)

79
Q
  • small, lateral bone of leg
  • head articulates with tibia at lateral tibial condyle
  • no articulation with femur
  • attaches muscles of feet and toes
A

fibula

80
Q

ankle (tarsus) consists of seven ________

A

tarsal bones

81
Q

seven tarsal bones:

A
  • talus
  • calcaneus (heel bone)
  • cuboid
  • navicular
  • medial cuneiform
  • intermediate cuneiform
  • lateral cuneiform
  • cuboid and cuneiform bones articulate with metatarsals
82
Q

transfers weight from tibia across trochlea

A

talus

83
Q
  • largest tarsal bone
  • transfers weight from talus to ground
  • attaches calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon)
A

calcaneus (heel bone)

84
Q

articulates with calcaneus

A

cuboid

85
Q

articulates with talus and three cuneiform bones

A

navicular

86
Q
  • five long bones of foot
  • numbered I–V, medial to lateral
  • articulate with proximal phalanges
A

metatarsals

87
Q

14 bones of the toes

A

phalanges

88
Q

hallux (great toe)

A

has two phalanges (proximal, distal)

89
Q

each of the other four toes

A

has three phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)

STM 010 review (4 decks)

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