SAS 4

Question 1

often stereotyped as simply a protective and supportive framework for the body

Answer 1

Bones

Question 2

a very dynamic organ that is constantly remodeling and changing shape to adapt to the daily forces placed upon it

Answer 2

Bones

Question 3

consists of bones, cartilage, and the membranes that line the bones

Answer 3

skeletal system

Question 4

each bone is an organ that includes

Answer 4

nervous tissue, epithelial tissue (within the blood vessels), and connective tissue (blood, bone, cartilage, adipose, and fibrous connective tissue)

Question 5

bones have many functions, including the following:

Answer 5

Support: Bones provide a framework for the attachment of muscles and other tissues.

Protection: Bones such as the skull and rib cage protect internal organs from injury.

Movement: Bones enable body movements by acting as levers and points of attachment for muscles.

Mineral storage: Bones serve as a reservoir for calcium and phosphorus, essential minerals for various cellular activities throughout the body.

Blood cell production: The production of blood cells, or hematopoiesis, occurs in the red marrow found within the cavities of certain bones.

Energy storage: Lipids, such as fats, stored in adipose cells of the yellow marrow serve as an energy reservoir.

Question 6

How many bones in body

Answer 6

206 bones

Question 7

Four major types of bone, according to overall shape:

Answer 7

• Long
• Short
• Flat
• Irregular

Question 8

longer than they are wide; length of the bone, or shaft, widens at the extremities (ends); example: humerus (arm)

Answer 8

Long

Question 9

cubelike, about as long as they are wide; example: carpals (wrist)

Answer 9

Short

Question 10

thin or flattened; example: frontal (skull), parietal, ribs

Answer 10

Flat

Question 11

have specific shapes, unlike the other types of bones; example: vertebrae (spinal cord), facial bones, hip bones

Answer 11

Irregular

Question 12

The following two bone types are usually classified separately:

Answer 12

• Sesamoid (round bones) bone
• Sutural

Question 13

found embedded within certain tendons; example: patella (kneecap)

Answer 13

Sesamoid (round bones) bone

Question 14

occur between the sutures (joints) of the cranial bones of the skull; example: Wormian bones

Answer 14

Sutural

Question 15

the skeletal system contains two major types of connective tissue:

Answer 15

bone and cartilage

Question 16

Microscopic structure of bone

Answer 16

• Spongy
  
  • porous bone in the end of the long bone
  • found in epiphyses of bones
  • spaces contain red bone marrow
• Compact
  
  • outer layer; hard and dense
  • appears solid to the naked eye

Question 17

texture results from needle like threads of bone called __________ surrounded by a network of open spaces

[microscopic structure of bone]

Answer 17

trabeculae

Question 18

structural unit is an _______ - calcified matrix arranged in multiple layers or rings called concentric lamella

Answer 18

osteon

Question 19

bone cells are called _________ and are found inside spaces called ________, which are connected by tiny tubes called ________

Answer 19

osteocytes, lacunae, canaliculi

Question 20

both resembles and differs from bone

matrix is gel-like and lacks blood vessels

has the flexibility of a firm plastic rather than the rigidity of the bone

Answer 20

CARTILAGE

Question 21

cell type of Cartilage is called

Answer 21

chondrocyte

Question 22

STRUCTURE OF LONG BONES

Answer 22

• Diaphysis, or shaft
• Medullary cavity
• Epiphyses
• Articular cartilage
• Periosteum
• Endosteum

Question 23

hollow tube made of hard, compact bone, hence a rigid and strong structure light enough in weight to permit easy movement

Answer 23

Diaphysis, or shaft

Question 24

hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone

contains soft yellow bone marrow, an inactive, fatty form of marrow found in the adult skeleton

Answer 24

Medullary cavity

Question 25

the ends of the bone red bone marrow fills in small spaces in the spongy bone composing the _______

Answer 25

Epiphyses

Question 26

a thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis

functions like a small rubber cushion would if it were placed over the ends of bones where they form a joint

Answer 26

Articular cartilage

Question 27

a strong fibrous membrane covering a long bone everywhere except at joint surfaces, where it is covered by articular cartilage

contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone

Answer 27

Periosteum

Question 28

a thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Answer 28

Endosteum

Question 29

STRUCTURE OF SHORT, FLAT AND IRREGULAR BONES

Answer 29

in short and irregular bones, spongy bone tissue is encircled by a thin layer of compact bone tissue

in flat bones, the spongy bone tissue is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone tissue

the spongy bone tissue is called the diploë

Question 30

in short and irregular bones,

Answer 30

spongy bone tissue is encircled by a thin layer of compact bone tissue

Question 31

in flat bones,

Answer 31

the spongy bone tissue is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone tissue

Question 32

the spongy bone tissue is called the ______

Answer 32

diploë

Question 33

porous bone in the end of the long bone

texture results from needle like threads of bone called trabeculae surrounded by a network of open spaces

found in epiphyses of bones

spaces contain red bone marrow

Answer 33

Spongy bone

Question 34

outer layer; hard and dense

appears solid to the naked eye

structural unit is an osteon - calcified matrix arranged in multiple layers or rings called concentric lamella

bone cells are called osteocytes and are found inside spaces called lacunae, which are connected by tiny tubes called canaliculi

Answer 34

Compact bone