SAS 2 - PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC MEDICINAL AGENTS Flashcards
What is physicochemical
is the influence of the physical and chemical attributes of a compound or the active drug on its effect
Give 5 properties that influence the physicochemical?
solubility
dissociation constant
molar refractivity
ionization
drug shape
complexation
bioisosterism
what are the 3 expressions/ units in solubility?
mass of solute per volume of solvent
mass of solute per mass of solvent
moles of solute per volume
give some methods that can modify drug structure in drug design?
Use of co-solvents
addition of polar groups (carboxylic acid, ketone, amines)
complexation
surfactants
reduce intrarmolecular forces
provide examples of co-solvents?
polyethylene glycol
propylene glycol
ethanol
sorbitol
what is the another word of complexation?
chelation
how complexation/chelation occur?
though proton donor-accepting process
what is it formally called the proton/acceptor of proton in complexation/chelation?
Lewis acid-base reaction
Define intermolecular forces
the area between two or more molecules of the same compounds
Define intramolecular forces
the area between two atoms of the same compound
Why do intermolecular increases boiling point?
due to polymeric aggregate
why do intramolecular decreases boiling point?
due to chelation which prevents the formation of intermolecular forces
what increases solubility?
increased in hydrogen bonding
complete the sentence: if the anion of acid was stabilized by _________ _______ ___ _______________ ______ it would increase the strength of acid.
hydrogen bonding of intramolecular forces
In Spectroscopic properties…hydrogen bonding shifts the position of bands in _________ and _____ spectra of organic compounds
infrared and NMR spectra of organic compounds
this is define as the solubility in lipid medium when an aqueous solution is present.
imPARTs
Partition coefficient
partition coefficient is also define as?
Lipophilicity
this is define as the measurement of the acid/base strength
dissociation constant
dissociation constant is also known as?
acidity constant/ ionization constant
what are the weak acid?
Phenobarbital, Pentobarbital, Acetaminophen, Aspirin
what are the weak base?
Cocaine, Ephedrine, Morphine
this allows to measure the strength of a compound at any ph
pKa
It represents the size and polarizability of a fragment or molecule
Molar refractivity
The accumulation of an ionized drug in a compartment of the body is known as ___ __________
ion trapping
the ratio of ionized/unionized drug is determined by ___________-____________ _______________
Henderson-Hasselbalch relationship
complexation happens through what process?
*lewis
Lewis acid-base reaction
complexation is limited to 3 atoms, what are these?
N,O, S
+ antidote for organic arsenical, lewisite
+ treatment for antimony, drug, mercury poisoning
Dimercaprol
antidote for copper poisoning
Penicillamine
analog of antibacterial and antifungal agents
8-hydroxyquinoline
having the SAME number and arrangement of electrons
Isosterism
having SIMILAR molecular shapes and volumes
Bioisosteres
Bioisosterism have 2 classifications, what are these?
Classical and Non-classical
Bioisosterism have 2 classifications, what are these?
Classical and Non-classical
what are the classical bioiososteres?
Fl vs hydrogen replacement
amino-hydroxyl interchanges
thiol-hydroxyl interchanges
fluorine, hydroxyl, amino, and methyl group interchanges
applies the Grimm’s law
fluorine, hydroxyl, amino, and methyl group interchanges
