Sarcoidosis Flashcards
what is sarcoidosis
- granulomatous inflammatory condition usually assc. w/ chest symptoms
- also has multiple extra-pulmonary manifestations e.g. erythema nodosum and lymphadenopathy
what are granulomas
nodules of inflammation full of macrophages
when are the two spikes of incidence of sarcoidosis
- young adulthood
- appx age 60
what people are more often affected by sarcoidosis
- women
- black people
where on the body may nodules appear to suggest erythema nodosum
shins
what organs are affected in sarcoidosis
- lungs (affecting >90%)
- liver
- eyes
- skin
- heart
- kidneys
- CNS
- PNS
- Bones
what lung pathology might be seen as a result of sarcoidosis
- mediastinal lymphadenopathy
- pulmonary fibrosis
- pulmonary nodules
give some systemic symptoms of sarcoidosis
- fever
- fatigue
- weight loss
what liver pathology might be seen as a result of sarcoidosis
- liver nodules
- cirrhosis
- cholestasis
what eye pathology might be seen as a result of sarcoidosis
- uveitis
- conjunctivitis
- optic neuritis
what skin pathology might be seen as a result of sarcoidosis
- erythema nodosum
- lupus pernio
- granulomas develop in scar tissue
what heart pathology might be seen as a result of sarcoidosis
- bundle branch block
- heart block
- myocardial muscle involvement
what kidney pathology might be seen as a result of sarcoidosis
- kidney stones (due to hypercalcaemia)
- nephrocalcinosis
- interstitial nephritis
what CNS pathology might be seen as a result of sarcoidosis
- nodules
- pituitary involvement (diabetes insipidus)
- encephalopathy
what PNS pathology might be seen as a result of sarcoidosis
- facial nerve palsy
- mononeuritis multiplex
what bone pathology might be seen as a result of sarcoidosis
- arthralgia
- arthritis
- myopathy
what’s is Lofgren’s syndrome
specific presentation of sarcoidosis…
triad of:
- erythema nodosum
- bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
- polyarthralgia
give some differential diagnoses of sarcoidosis
- tuberculosis
- lymphoma
- hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- HIV
- toxoplasmosis
- histoplasmosis
what results might be seen in blood tests in suspected sarcoidosis
- ^ serum ACE
- hypercalcaemia
- ^ serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor
- ^ CRP
- ^ immunoglobulins
what blood test result is often used as a screening test for sarcoidosis
^ serum ACE
what imaging results would be seen in sarcoidosis
- CXR –> hilar lymphadenopathy
- high resolution CT thorax –> hilar lymphadenopathy and pulmonary nodules
- MRI –> CNS involvement
- PET scan –> active inflammation in affected areas
what is the gold standard for confirming diagnosis of sarcoidosis
histology from biopsy
how is a biopsy obtained for sarcoidosis
bronchoscopy w/ ultrasound guided biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes
what would be seen histologically to suggest sarcoidosis
non-caseating granulomas w/ epitheliod cells
