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Respiratory Y1 > Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

What is Pneumonia

A

Infection that causes inflammation of lung tissue and sputum filling airways and alveoli

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2
Q

How is pneumonia seen on a chest Xray

A

Consolidation

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3
Q

List the three types of pneumonia and their differences

A

1- Community acquired pneumonia : develops out of hospital
2- Hospital acquired pneumonia : develops >48hrs after hospital admission
3- Aspiration pneumonia : develops after inhaling foreign material

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4
Q

What is the presentation of pneumonia ( Hint : 7)

A 
1- SOB 
2- Cough with sputum 
3- Fever 
4- Haemoptysis 
5- Pleuritic chest pain 
6- Delirium 
7- sepsis
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5
Q

What signs can indicate sepsis secondary to pneumonia ( Hint : 6)

A 
1- Tachypnoea 
2- Tachycardia 
3- Hypoxia 
4- Hypotension 
5- Fever 
6- Confusion
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6
Q

List the three chest signs of pneumonia

A

1- Bronchial breath sounds
2- Focal coarse crackles
3- Dullness to percussion

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7
Q

Describe bronchial breath sounds and their cause

A

Harsh breath sounds equally loud on inspiration and expiration.
Cause: consolidation of lung tissue around airway

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8
Q

What causes focal coarse crackles

A

Air passing through sputum

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9
Q

What causes dullness to percussion

A

Lung tissue collapse or consolidation

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10
Q

What is the CURB-65 scoring system and list what is assessed.

A 
The system used for severity assessment to predict mortality.
C: confusion 
U: ureas> 7 
R: respiratory rate >= 30
B: Blood pressure < 90s <=60d 
65: Age >= 65
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11
Q

A CURB-65 score of 0-1 means what

A

consider treatment at home

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12
Q

A CURB-65 score of 2 or more means what

A

consider hospital admission

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13
Q

A CURB-65 score of 3+ means what

A

consider intensive care assessment

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14
Q

What are the common causes of pneumonia ( Hint: 2 )

A

1- Streptococcus pneumonia

2- Haemophilus influenzae

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15
Q

What can cause pneumonia in immunocompromised patients or those with chronic pulmonary disease

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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16
Q

What can cause pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis or bronchiectasis

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

17
Q

What can cause pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis

A

Staphylococcus aureus

18
Q

What is atypical pneumonia

A

Pneumonia caused by an organism that can’t be cultured or detected using gram stain. Can’t be treated with penicillins.

19
Q

List possible treatments for atypical pneumonia ( hint: 3 )

A

1- Macrolides : clarithomycin
2- Fluoroquinolones : levofloxacin
3- Tetracyclines : doxycycline

20
Q

What is Legionella pneumophila

A

Disease caused by infected water supply or air conditioning. Causes hyponatraemia.

21
Q

How would a typical patient present with legionella pneumophila ( legionnaires’ disease )

A

Recently had a cheap hotel holiday and presents with hyponatraemia

22
Q

Explain Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Organism that causes milder pneumonia and a rash known as erythema multiforme, and neurological symptoms ( in young patients ).

23
Q

What is erythema multiforme

A

Rash that has varying sized target lesions that have pink rings and pale centres

24
Q

How does clamydophila pneumoniae present

A

School aged child with mild to moderate chronic pneumonia and wheeze

25
Q

What is linked with Coxiella burnetii ( Q fever )

A

exposure to animals and their bodily fluids

26
Q

What would be a typical patient with Coxiella burnetii present as

A

A farmer with flu like illness

27
Q

How is chlamydia psittacosaurus interacted and what would a typical patient present as

A

Contracted from contact with infected birds.

Typical patient will be a parrot owner.

28
Q

What are the 5 causes of atypical pneumonia

A 
1- Legionnaires' disease  
2- Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
3- Chlamydydophila pneumoniae
4- Q fever 
5- Chalmydia psittaci
29
Q

What is pneumocystis jiroveci ( PCP )

A

Organism that causes fungal pneumonia in immunocompromised patients.

30
Q

How does PCP present

A

1- dry cough
2- SOB on exertion
3- Night sweats

31
Q

How is PCP treated

A

1- co-trimaxazole ( septrin )

2- prophylactic oral co-trimoxazole if patient has low CD4 count

32
Q

What minimum investigations are done for pneumonia

A

1- Chest xray
2- FBC
3- U&E
4- CRP

33
Q

What investigations are done for moderate or severe pneumonia

A

1- Sputum cultures
2- Blood cultures
3- Legionella and pneumococcal urinary antigens

34
Q

What tests are used to monitor progress of patient

A

WBC and CRP levels

35
Q

What are the possible complication of pneumonia

A 
1- Sepsis 
2- Pleural effusion 
3- Empyema 
4- Lung abscess 
5- Death
36
Q

What’s the Mild CAP antibiotics for pneumonia

A

5 day course of oral antibiotics amoxicillin or macrolide

37
Q

What’s the Moderate to severe CAP antibiotics for pneumonia

A

7-10 day course of dual antibiotics amoxicillin and macrolide

Respiratory Y1 (14 decks)

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