Sara Sample Exam Flashcards
- 1,25 dihydroxyvitamine D3
- renin
- erythropoietin
are all produced in the _____.
kidney
The kidney oxidizes wastes. True or false?
false
The kidney maintain homeostatic regulation of water and inorganic ions. True or false?
true
The kidneys regulate levels of some hormones. True or false?
true
What is the correct sequence of anatomical structures enountered in moving from glomerular capillaries to the bladder?
- Bowman’s space
- proximal tubule
- loop of Henle
- distal tubule
- collecting ducts
- renal pelvis
- ureter
The normal glomerular filtration rate for a 70 kg person is in the range of :
180 liters / day
Which force is a POSITIVE force for glomerular filtration?
glomerular capillary pressure
- Hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s space
- protein osmotic pressure in the blood
are ____ forces for glomerular filtration.
negative
Diabetes insipidus can be caused by inability to produce ____.
vasopressin
Water is not reabsorbed in the ascending limb loop of Henle because this segment _______ contain water channels
does not
The volume of plasma from which a substance is removed per unit time is ____ ____.
renal clearance
A high plasma concentration of vasopressin causes water permeability in the ____ ____.
collecting duct
Urine can become as concentrated as 1200mOsmo/L even though an osmotic gradient of no more than 200 mOsmo/L is tolerated across any epithelium. True or false?
true
The iso-osmotic salt reabsorption in the proximal tubule is the driving force for creating the medullary osmotic gradient. true or false?
false
Water in the cortical collecting duct is reabsorbed until the luminal fluid becomes iso-osmotic to the interstitial fluid. True or false?
true
The asymmetric configuration of water channels and salt transporters in the loop of Henle contributes to the medullary osmotic gradient. True or false?
true
If plasma clearance of substance X is zero (not secreted), this means that substance x is freely filtered and ____ ____
completely reabsorbed
The amount of any substance excreted in the urine is equal to the amount filtered plus the amount secreted minus the amount reabsorbed. True or false?
true
As plasma glucose concentration exceeds 300 mg/dL, glucose increasinly appears in the urine because glucose _____ in the ___ ____ has reached its maximum.
reabsorption
proximal tubule
Inulin is freely filtered but neither reabsorbed nor secreted in the kidney. The renal clearance of inulin will be ___ to GFR.
equal
Aldosterone is normally produced and secreted by the following tissue:
adrenal cortex
The effect of aldosterone on principal cells in the collecting duct is to increase __ secretion
K
What hormone stimulates
- Ca reabsorption in the kidney
- Ca absorption in the GI
- Ca resorption in the bone
parathyroid hormone
In the kidney, the acidity of the blood is excreted into the urine as:
- NH4
- H2PO4
- H+
The kidney is important for the long-term regulation of acid-base status in the body. True or false?
true
H+ excretion is normally tied to HCO3 retention. True or false?
true
Transporters that move acid into the urine include Na/H exchanger, H/K=ATPase and H-ATPase. True or false?
true
Fine tuning of H+ secretion occurs in principal cells in the collecting duct. True or false?
false
What involves secretion by principal cells and reabsorption by type A intercalated cells?
renal K+ regulation
Loop diuretics inhibit Na/K/2CL cotransporters. This inhibition results in K+ loss from the blood because ____ secretion in the ____ ___ is stimulated
K+
collecting duct
The tubule fluid in the distal tubule can be as low as 60-80 mOsm because the ___ ___ is water impermeable and ___, ___, and ____ are removed in the ascending limb.
ascending limb
Na, K, Cl
Which of the following is NOT completely removed from the luminal fluid, thus being partially excreted in the urine?
phosphate
Bicarbonate, amino acids, and glucose ___ completely removed from the luminal fluid.
are
Loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics can cause _____ associated with metabolic _____.
hypokalemia
alkalosis
A high plasma level of K increases the plasma level of _____.
aldosterone
What
- reduces net glomerular filtration pressure
- stimulates renal sympathetic nerves so that afferent arterioles are constricted
- leads to decreased salt and water excretion
Low blood volume/pressure
In the tubuloglomerular feedback regulation, macular densa cells detect luminal salt load in the distal tubule. True or false?
true
In the tubuloglomerular feedback regulation, macular densa cells release paracrines to affect arteriole resistance. True or false?
true
Macular densa cells influence renin release from juxtglomerular cells. True or false?
true
Most of the filtered bicarbonates are reabsorbed in the ____ ____
proximal tubule
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act in the proximal tubule to inhibit ____ ____
bicarbonate reabsorption
