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Physiology Renal > Sara Sample Exam > Flashcards

Sara Sample Exam Flashcards

1
Q
  • 1,25 dihydroxyvitamine D3
  • renin
  • erythropoietin

are all produced in the _____.

A

kidney

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2
Q

The kidney oxidizes wastes. True or false?

A

false

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3
Q

The kidney maintain homeostatic regulation of water and inorganic ions. True or false?

A

true

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4
Q

The kidneys regulate levels of some hormones. True or false?

A

true

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5
Q

What is the correct sequence of anatomical structures enountered in moving from glomerular capillaries to the bladder?

A
  • Bowman’s space
  • proximal tubule
  • loop of Henle
  • distal tubule
  • collecting ducts
  • renal pelvis
  • ureter
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6
Q

The normal glomerular filtration rate for a 70 kg person is in the range of :

A

180 liters / day

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7
Q

Which force is a POSITIVE force for glomerular filtration?

A

glomerular capillary pressure

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8
Q
  • Hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s space
  • protein osmotic pressure in the blood

are ____ forces for glomerular filtration.

A

negative

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9
Q

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by inability to produce ____.

A

vasopressin

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10
Q

Water is not reabsorbed in the ascending limb loop of Henle because this segment _______ contain water channels

A

does not

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11
Q

The volume of plasma from which a substance is removed per unit time is ____ ____.

A

renal clearance

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12
Q

A high plasma concentration of vasopressin causes water permeability in the ____ ____.

A

collecting duct

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13
Q

Urine can become as concentrated as 1200mOsmo/L even though an osmotic gradient of no more than 200 mOsmo/L is tolerated across any epithelium. True or false?

A

true

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14
Q

The iso-osmotic salt reabsorption in the proximal tubule is the driving force for creating the medullary osmotic gradient. true or false?

A

false

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15
Q

Water in the cortical collecting duct is reabsorbed until the luminal fluid becomes iso-osmotic to the interstitial fluid. True or false?

A

true

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16
Q

The asymmetric configuration of water channels and salt transporters in the loop of Henle contributes to the medullary osmotic gradient. True or false?

A

true

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17
Q

If plasma clearance of substance X is zero (not secreted), this means that substance x is freely filtered and ____ ____

A

completely reabsorbed

18
Q

The amount of any substance excreted in the urine is equal to the amount filtered plus the amount secreted minus the amount reabsorbed. True or false?

A

true

19
Q

As plasma glucose concentration exceeds 300 mg/dL, glucose increasinly appears in the urine because glucose _____ in the ___ ____ has reached its maximum.

A

reabsorption

proximal tubule

20
Q

Inulin is freely filtered but neither reabsorbed nor secreted in the kidney. The renal clearance of inulin will be ___ to GFR.

A

equal

21
Q

Aldosterone is normally produced and secreted by the following tissue:

A

adrenal cortex

22
Q

The effect of aldosterone on principal cells in the collecting duct is to increase __ secretion

A

K

23
Q

What hormone stimulates

  • Ca reabsorption in the kidney
  • Ca absorption in the GI
  • Ca resorption in the bone
A

parathyroid hormone

24
Q

In the kidney, the acidity of the blood is excreted into the urine as:

A
  • NH4
  • H2PO4
  • H+
25
Q

The kidney is important for the long-term regulation of acid-base status in the body. True or false?

A

true

26
Q

H+ excretion is normally tied to HCO3 retention. True or false?

A

true

27
Q

Transporters that move acid into the urine include Na/H exchanger, H/K=ATPase and H-ATPase. True or false?

A

true

28
Q

Fine tuning of H+ secretion occurs in principal cells in the collecting duct. True or false?

A

false

29
Q

What involves secretion by principal cells and reabsorption by type A intercalated cells?

A

renal K+ regulation

30
Q

Loop diuretics inhibit Na/K/2CL cotransporters. This inhibition results in K+ loss from the blood because ____ secretion in the ____ ___ is stimulated

A

K+

collecting duct

31
Q

The tubule fluid in the distal tubule can be as low as 60-80 mOsm because the ___ ___ is water impermeable and ___, ___, and ____ are removed in the ascending limb.

A

ascending limb

Na, K, Cl

32
Q

Which of the following is NOT completely removed from the luminal fluid, thus being partially excreted in the urine?

A

phosphate

33
Q

Bicarbonate, amino acids, and glucose ___ completely removed from the luminal fluid.

A

are

34
Q

Loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics can cause _____ associated with metabolic _____.

A

hypokalemia

alkalosis

35
Q

A high plasma level of K increases the plasma level of _____.

A

aldosterone

36
Q

What

  • reduces net glomerular filtration pressure
  • stimulates renal sympathetic nerves so that afferent arterioles are constricted
  • leads to decreased salt and water excretion
A

Low blood volume/pressure

37
Q

In the tubuloglomerular feedback regulation, macular densa cells detect luminal salt load in the distal tubule. True or false?

A

true

38
Q

In the tubuloglomerular feedback regulation, macular densa cells release paracrines to affect arteriole resistance. True or false?

A

true

39
Q

Macular densa cells influence renin release from juxtglomerular cells. True or false?

A

true

40
Q

Most of the filtered bicarbonates are reabsorbed in the ____ ____

A

proximal tubule

41
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act in the proximal tubule to inhibit ____ ____

A

bicarbonate reabsorption

Physiology Renal (4 decks)

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