Sample Exam 2010

Question 1

What:

• stimulates glycogen formation
• stimulates glucose and amino acid uptake by skeletal muscle cells
• inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes

Answer 1

insulin

Question 2

The counter-regulatory hormone which acts to promote protein catabolism during hypoglycemia is _____

Answer 2

glucagon

Question 3

Skeletal muscle fibers are capable of catabolizing glycogen to yield glucose molecules for the rest of the body. True or false?

Answer 3

false

Question 4

The cells capable of triglyceride synthesis, gluconeogenesis and secretion of ketone bodies are:

Answer 4

liver hepatocytes

Question 5

Triglycerides stored in adipocytes are derived solely from VLDL and chylomicrons. True or false?

Answer 5

true

Question 6

Insulin stimulates glucose uptake by hepatocytes via equilibrating glucose carriers during the postabsorptive phase. True or false?

Answer 6

false

Question 7

Cortisol and growth hormone both prevent bood glucose from declining during hypoglycemia by their inhibiting glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. True or false?

Answer 7

False

Question 8

The brain uses primarily ketones for energy during a normal day which includes 3 meals. True or false?

Answer 8

false

Question 9

The brain cannot use fat for energy. True or false?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

During the absorptie phase, fats are being catabolized within ____ ____.

Answer 10

liver hepatocytes

Question 11

During the postabsorptive phase, _____ and ____ are being converted to glucose in the liver.

Answer 11

lactate and pyruvate

Question 12

A substrate storage hormone is:

Answer 12

insulin

Question 13

The decline in insulin concentration of the plasma during the postabsorptive phase is alone sufficient to cause catabolism of glycogen and triglycerides

Answer 13

false

Question 14

What are released in the blood

• after glucose sensors within the brain detect a drop in blood sugar concentration
• are caused to be released from adrenal medullary cells by nerve fibers which secrete acetylcholine
• promote lipolysis by adipose tissue

Answer 14

catecholamines after prolonged hypoglycemia

Question 15

The task of enabling the production of a concentrated urine is primarily performed by the

Answer 15

juxtaglomerular nephrons

Question 16

Renal clearance of any substance cannot be

Answer 16

zero

Question 17

What is NOT present in the glomerular filtrate?

• glucose
• plasma proteins
• sodium
• calcium
• bicarbonate ion

Answer 17

plasma protein

Question 18

Creatinine clearance provides a good estimate of

Answer 18

GFR

Question 19

The plasma proteins in the glomerular capillaries oppose filtration. True or false?

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

In order to determine the GFR one needs to measure the renal clearance of a substance that is _____ and neither ______ nor secreted.

Answer 20

filtered

reabsorbed

Question 21

How much water is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule

Answer 21

more than half

Question 22

Which of the following can be secreted into the tubular lumen?

Answer 22

sodium ions

Question 23

A person who is unable to synthesize antidiuretic hormone will excrete a____ volume of dilute urine.

Answer 23

large

Question 25

Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis _____ plasma bicarb levels.

Answer 25

raises

Question 26

In metabolic acidosis, _____ _____ mediated production of ______.

Answer 26

carbonic anhydrase

HPO4

Question 27

An increase in the NACL concentration of the fluid reaching the macula densa triggers the release of ______ that ____ _____ _____ resistance.

Answer 27

paracrines

increase

afferent arteriolar

Question 28

Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction results in a decrease in the glomerular capillary blood pressure, leading to a ______ in the net filtration pressure and a resultant ___ in the GFR.

Answer 28

decrease

decrease

Question 29

What is secreted by principal cells of the corical collecting duct?

Answer 29

renin

Question 30

Na concentration in the lumen of the nephron at the end of the proximal tubule is ___ in the plasma

Answer 30

lower than