Sample Exam 2010 Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

What:

  • stimulates glycogen formation
  • stimulates glucose and amino acid uptake by skeletal muscle cells
  • inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes
A

insulin

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2
Q

The counter-regulatory hormone which acts to promote protein catabolism during hypoglycemia is _____

A

glucagon

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3
Q

Skeletal muscle fibers are capable of catabolizing glycogen to yield glucose molecules for the rest of the body. True or false?

A

false

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4
Q

The cells capable of triglyceride synthesis, gluconeogenesis and secretion of ketone bodies are:

A

liver hepatocytes

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5
Q

Triglycerides stored in adipocytes are derived solely from VLDL and chylomicrons. True or false?

A

true

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6
Q

Insulin stimulates glucose uptake by hepatocytes via equilibrating glucose carriers during the postabsorptive phase. True or false?

A

false

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7
Q

Cortisol and growth hormone both prevent bood glucose from declining during hypoglycemia by their inhibiting glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. True or false?

A

False

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8
Q

The brain uses primarily ketones for energy during a normal day which includes 3 meals. True or false?

A

false

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9
Q

The brain cannot use fat for energy. True or false?

A

True

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10
Q

During the absorptie phase, fats are being catabolized within ____ ____.

A

liver hepatocytes

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11
Q

During the postabsorptive phase, _____ and ____ are being converted to glucose in the liver.

A

lactate and pyruvate

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12
Q

A substrate storage hormone is:

A

insulin

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13
Q

The decline in insulin concentration of the plasma during the postabsorptive phase is alone sufficient to cause catabolism of glycogen and triglycerides

A

false

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14
Q

What are released in the blood

  • after glucose sensors within the brain detect a drop in blood sugar concentration
  • are caused to be released from adrenal medullary cells by nerve fibers which secrete acetylcholine
  • promote lipolysis by adipose tissue
A

catecholamines after prolonged hypoglycemia

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15
Q

The task of enabling the production of a concentrated urine is primarily performed by the

A

juxtaglomerular nephrons

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16
Q

Renal clearance of any substance cannot be

17
Q

What is NOT present in the glomerular filtrate?

  • glucose
  • plasma proteins
  • sodium
  • calcium
  • bicarbonate ion
A

plasma protein

18
Q

Creatinine clearance provides a good estimate of

19
Q

The plasma proteins in the glomerular capillaries oppose filtration. True or false?

20
Q

In order to determine the GFR one needs to measure the renal clearance of a substance that is _____ and neither ______ nor secreted.

A

filtered

reabsorbed

21
Q

How much water is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule

A

more than half

22
Q

Which of the following can be secreted into the tubular lumen?

23
Q

A person who is unable to synthesize antidiuretic hormone will excrete a____ volume of dilute urine.

25
Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis _____ plasma bicarb levels.
raises
26
In metabolic acidosis, _____ \_\_\_\_\_ mediated production of \_\_\_\_\_\_.
carbonic anhydrase HPO4
27
An increase in the NACL concentration of the fluid reaching the macula densa triggers the release of ______ that ____ \_\_\_\_\_ _____ resistance.
paracrines increase afferent arteriolar
28
Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction results in a decrease in the glomerular capillary blood pressure, leading to a ______ in the net filtration pressure and a resultant ___ in the GFR.
decrease decrease
29
What is secreted by principal cells of the corical collecting duct?
renin
30
Na concentration in the lumen of the nephron at the end of the proximal tubule is ___ in the plasma
lower than
31