Choi Sample Exam Flashcards
List the correct sequence of the nephron segments from glomerulus to renal pelvis:
Proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct, papillary duct
What has ascending and descending limbs loop of Henle mostly in the medulla
juxtamedullary nephron
Renal artery branches into interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular arteries. True or false?
true
One afferent arteriole feeds one glomerulus. True or false?
true
Efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries or vasa recta. true or false?
true
Both peritubular capillaries and vasa recta are located in the medulla. True or false?
false
Cells that cover glomerular capillaries by their foot processes are:
podocytes
Macula densa cells in JGA do not sense luminal salt concentration. True or false?
false, do
- 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol)
- renin
- erythropoietin
- are all produced where?
kidneys
Bulk reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubule. True or false?
true
Foreign chemicals and organic ions such as neurotransmitter and bile salt are secreted . True or false?
true
Fine-tuning reabsorption and secretion occur in the distal portion of the tubule. True or false?
true
Autoregulation helps maintain a relatively constant GFR. True or false?
true
Autoregulation is an extra-renal regulation requiring neural and hormonal inputs. True or false?
false
Myogenic autoregulation involves stretch receptors in afferent arterioles
true
Tubuloglomerular feedback regulation involves macula densa that senses luminal salt load
true
The force favoring filtration of fluid from a capillary is:
glomerular capillary blood pressure (PGC)
Creatinine clearance measures a cardiac output. True or false?
false
Creatinine is freely filtered but not reabsorbed. True or false?
true
A very small amount of creatinine is secreted to the lumen. True or false?
true
. If substance S is filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed, then renal clearance of S will be:
larger than GFR
- decreased plasma Na+ concentration lowers plasma volume and pressure
- renal sympathetic nerve activities are stimulated to constrict afferent arterioles
- arterial pressure directly reduces glomerular capillary pressure
leads to a decrease in plasma ___ concentration leads to a _______ in GFR because:
Na+
reduction
. Renin converts angiotensinogen to
angiotensin I
What stimulates:
- vasoconstriction to increase arterial pressure
- aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex to increase renal Na+ retention
- thirst center in the hypothalamus to increase water ingestion
Angiotensin II
Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption in the collecting duct. True or false?
true
ANP is secreted from podocytes in response to an extremely high blood pressure. True or false?
false
High plasma osmolarity decreases ADH secretion from the pituitary to blood. True or false?
false
ADH increases water permeability in the:
collecting duct
Renal _____reabsorption
- does not occur in the ascending limb and distal tubule
- is affected by the medullary osmotic gradient
- affects urine osmolarity
water
Filtered fluids in the distal tubule is iso-osmotic because the _____ _____ and ______ _____ are not permeable to water
ascending limb
distal tubule
. If the medullary osmotic gradient fails, urine formation will _______
increase
Filtered urea is completely excreted. True or false?
false
Na/H exchangers and other Na+-coupled transporters contribute to Na+ reabsorption. True or false?
true
Loop diuretics induce a large water loss because these drugs disrupt the ________ osmotic gradient
medullary
Thiazide inhibits
Na/Cl cotransporter
. K+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule occurs via the______ pathway.
paracellular
K+ secretion in the collecting duct is the main determinant for K+ excretion in urine. True or false?
true
Ca2+ is secreted in the collecting tubule. True or false?
false
What stimulates:
Ca2+ reabsorption in the kidney
Ca2+ absorption in the intestine
Ca2+ resorption in the bone
parathyroid hormone
Phosphate reabsorption depends on Ca2+ homeostasis True or false?
true
Kidneys not only reabsorb filtered HCO3- but also produce new HCO3- . True or false?
true
H+ excretion is normally tied to HCO3- retention. True or false?
true
The majority of filtered HCO3- is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule . True or false?
true
Which of the following acids is a titratable acid in urine?
A) phosphoric acid
B) carbonic acid
C) ammonium
D) All of the above
phosphoric acid
If plasma pH is lower than normal, urine pH is also lowered because kidneys excrete:
NH4+
Kidneys compensate respiratory acidosis by _____ HCO3 _____
increasing
reabsorption
