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Physiology Renal > Choi Sample Exam > Flashcards

Choi Sample Exam Flashcards

1
Q

List the correct sequence of the nephron segments from glomerulus to renal pelvis:

A

Proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting duct, papillary duct

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2
Q

What has ascending and descending limbs loop of Henle mostly in the medulla

A

juxtamedullary nephron

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3
Q

Renal artery branches into interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular arteries. True or false?

A

true

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4
Q

One afferent arteriole feeds one glomerulus. True or false?

A

true

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5
Q

Efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries or vasa recta. true or false?

A

true

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6
Q

Both peritubular capillaries and vasa recta are located in the medulla. True or false?

A

false

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7
Q

Cells that cover glomerular capillaries by their foot processes are:

A

podocytes

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8
Q

Macula densa cells in JGA do not sense luminal salt concentration. True or false?

A

false, do

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9
Q
  • 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol)
  • renin
  • erythropoietin
  • are all produced where?
A

kidneys

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10
Q

Bulk reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubule. True or false?

A

true

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11
Q

Foreign chemicals and organic ions such as neurotransmitter and bile salt are secreted . True or false?

A

true

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12
Q

Fine-tuning reabsorption and secretion occur in the distal portion of the tubule. True or false?

A

true

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13
Q

Autoregulation helps maintain a relatively constant GFR. True or false?

A

true

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14
Q

Autoregulation is an extra-renal regulation requiring neural and hormonal inputs. True or false?

A

false

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15
Q

Myogenic autoregulation involves stretch receptors in afferent arterioles

A

true

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16
Q

Tubuloglomerular feedback regulation involves macula densa that senses luminal salt load

A

true

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17
Q

The force favoring filtration of fluid from a capillary is:

A

glomerular capillary blood pressure (PGC)

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18
Q

Creatinine clearance measures a cardiac output. True or false?

A

false

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19
Q

Creatinine is freely filtered but not reabsorbed. True or false?

A

true

20
Q

A very small amount of creatinine is secreted to the lumen. True or false?

A

true

21
Q

. If substance S is filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed, then renal clearance of S will be:

A

larger than GFR

22
Q
  • decreased plasma Na+ concentration lowers plasma volume and pressure
  • renal sympathetic nerve activities are stimulated to constrict afferent arterioles
  • arterial pressure directly reduces glomerular capillary pressure

leads to a decrease in plasma ___ concentration leads to a _______ in GFR because:

A

Na+

reduction

23
Q

. Renin converts angiotensinogen to

A

angiotensin I

24
Q

What stimulates:

  • vasoconstriction to increase arterial pressure
  • aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex to increase renal Na+ retention
  • thirst center in the hypothalamus to increase water ingestion
A

Angiotensin II

25
Q

Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption in the collecting duct. True or false?

A

true

26
Q

ANP is secreted from podocytes in response to an extremely high blood pressure. True or false?

A

false

27
Q

High plasma osmolarity decreases ADH secretion from the pituitary to blood. True or false?

A

false

28
Q

ADH increases water permeability in the:

A

collecting duct

29
Q

Renal _____reabsorption

  • does not occur in the ascending limb and distal tubule
  • is affected by the medullary osmotic gradient
  • affects urine osmolarity
A

water

30
Q

Filtered fluids in the distal tubule is iso-osmotic because the _____ _____ and ______ _____ are not permeable to water

A

ascending limb

distal tubule

31
Q

. If the medullary osmotic gradient fails, urine formation will _______

A

increase

32
Q

Filtered urea is completely excreted. True or false?

A

false

33
Q

Na/H exchangers and other Na+-coupled transporters contribute to Na+ reabsorption. True or false?

A

true

34
Q

Loop diuretics induce a large water loss because these drugs disrupt the ________ osmotic gradient

A

medullary

35
Q

Thiazide inhibits

A

Na/Cl cotransporter

36
Q

. K+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule occurs via the______ pathway.

A

paracellular

37
Q

K+ secretion in the collecting duct is the main determinant for K+ excretion in urine. True or false?

A

true

38
Q

Ca2+ is secreted in the collecting tubule. True or false?

A

false

39
Q

What stimulates:

Ca2+ reabsorption in the kidney
Ca2+ absorption in the intestine
Ca2+ resorption in the bone

A

parathyroid hormone

40
Q

Phosphate reabsorption depends on Ca2+ homeostasis True or false?

A

true

41
Q

Kidneys not only reabsorb filtered HCO3- but also produce new HCO3- . True or false?

A

true

42
Q

H+ excretion is normally tied to HCO3- retention. True or false?

A

true

43
Q

The majority of filtered HCO3- is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule . True or false?

A

true

44
Q

Which of the following acids is a titratable acid in urine?

A) phosphoric acid
B) carbonic acid
C) ammonium
D) All of the above

A

phosphoric acid

45
Q

If plasma pH is lower than normal, urine pH is also lowered because kidneys excrete:

A

NH4+

46
Q

Kidneys compensate respiratory acidosis by _____ HCO3 _____

A

increasing

reabsorption

Physiology Renal (4 decks)

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