saptamana patru Flashcards
What is a hypothesis?
A prediction of what we expect to find
It needs to be a clear, testable statement
What is the null hypothesis?
That nothing happens
E.g. caffeine has no effect
Our manipulation of the IV won’t affect the DV
How do we know when do accept or reject hypothesis?
We need to decide if any difference we find is meaningful
Is it a real difference or a chance difference
How do we test the hypothesis?
Statistical tests
Usual significance level is 0.05
What are degrees of freedom?
The number of data values that are free to vary in the fact of some constraint
The number of scores that we have minus the number of parameters that are being estimated
What are critical regions?
Most scores fall in the centre of the distribution
We are looking at the extremes
95% are in the middle
we are interested in the critical region - 0.05 on each side which is 0.025
What is the critical value?
The value that must be reached for test to be significant
What are observational methods?
Measuring a person’s or animal’s freely chosen behaviour
Less controlled
What are coding schemas for?
Allow for more systematic observations
They provide clear operational definitions of categories of behaviour that are of interest
They use systematic, replicable methods for recording those behavioural categories
What is inter-observer reliability?
2 or more people should be able to watch the same behaviour independently and code it in the same way
What are focal observations?
One can watch and record data from one person for a period of time
What is event?
Record whenever a certain type of behaviour is performed in a group
What is continuous?
One can record everything an individual or group does continuously
What is instantaneous?
Or record what subject or groups is doing at set time intervals
What is scan?
One can scan from left to right recording what each individual in the group is doing one after the other
