Sampling Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a sampler?

A

A sampler is a musical instrument that digitally stores audio samples in RAM.

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2
Q

What is RAM?

A

Random Access Memory.

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3
Q

How are samples normally triggered?

A

With a keyboard, MIDI

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4
Q

How is pitch and time linked?

A

If sample is played slower it will sound lower, if played faster it will sound higher.
It becomes more noticeable when transposed over a couple of tones.

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5
Q

What is pitch mapping?

A

Laying a sample across multiple keys and changing the playback speed and pitch to match 12 notes of the scale.

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6
Q

What is multisampling?

A

Assigning each sample to one or multiple keys.

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7
Q

What is velocity layering?

A

Different samples are assigned to different velocity ranges triggered by MIDI velocity.

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8
Q

What is one shot sampling?

A

Short audio samples that aren’t looped or have tempo markings.
E.g: drum sounds

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9
Q

What is looping? How can glitches and clicks be avoided?

A

Creating a sustained sound or a groove.

Beginning and end of loop is placed on zero crossings

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10
Q

What does reversing do?

A

Reverses audio

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11
Q

What kind of processing controls does a sampler have?

A

Same controls as a synthesiser.

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12
Q

What filters are used on a sampler?

A

Low pass
High pass
Band pass
Band reject

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13
Q

What is a band reject filter?

A

Removes frequencies from between the high and low and only allows frequencies either side of this through.

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14
Q

What processing controls does a sampler have?

A

Filter, envelope (ADSR), Modulation and LFO, Effects.

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15
Q

Give an example of a precursor of the sampler and its date.

A

1963: Mellotron, uses an electro-mechanical polyphonic tape replay keyboard.

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16
Q

What sampler was released in 1969?

A

EMS Musys - first digital sampler that uses standard QWERTY keyboard and velocity- sensitive piano style keyboard.

17
Q

What was released in 1979?

A

Fairlight CMI, first polyphonic digital sampling synthesiser.

18
Q

What samplers were released in 1987?

A

E-mu SP-1200: percussion sampler, favoured by hip hop artists.
Roland D50: first affordable synth to use sample playback in combination with sound synthesis.

19
Q

What sampler was released in 1988?

A

Akai S100: first professional quality 16-bit stereo sampler.

20
Q

What did Akai pioneer in?

A

Processing techniques such as crossfade looping and time stretch.

21
Q

What kind of synthesisers were available in the 1980s?

A

Hybrid digital synthesisers with short samples to create more realistic imitation of instruments as RAM increased.