Sampling

Question 1

Ideal sample

Answer 1

Should be ideal in all of the intrinsic properties with the bulk of the material

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

Entire lot or production

Question 3

Sampling

Answer 3

Process of taking samples

Question 4

Sample increment

Answer 4

Individual portion of material collected by a single operation from parts of a lot
How often you take samples

Question 5

Samples

Answer 5

Small proportions used for the analysis

Question 6

Lab samples

Answer 6

Fraction of the sample that is used in the final laboratory analysis

Question 7

Sampling Steps

Answer 7

Identify the population
Select and obtain gross samples
Reduce the gross samples to a laboratory size sample for analysis

Question 8

Why sample

Answer 8

100% confidence = 100% of the sample

Nothing left to sell
Expensive, time consuming destructive
Not practical

Question 9

Random sample

Answer 9

Bulk material divided into a # of segments
Segments selected according to a predetermined pattern

Question 10

Systematic sample

Answer 10

Collected to test changes in composition with

Time
Temp
Location
Treatment

Question 11

Representative sample

Answer 11

Only from truly homogenous materials

Question 12

Composite samples

Answer 12

Obtained from special techniques designed to produce representative samples
Combine samples together to get representative sample

Question 13

Non probability sampling

Answer 13

Probability of including any specific portion is not equal
Select the sample deliberately

Question 14

Judgment sampling

Answer 14

At the discretion of the sampler
Gives you the info you need

Question 15

Convenience sampling

Answer 15

Ease of sampling is the key factor

Question 16

Restricted sampling

Answer 16

Entire population is not accessible
Take the samples you can access

Question 17

Quota sampling

Answer 17

Division of a lot of groups representing various categories, samples are taken from each group

Question 18

Manual sampling

Answer 18

Person taking the sample attempts to take a random sample to avoid human bias

Question 19

Continuous sampling

Answer 19

Performed mechanical
Less prone to bias
Measure as it comes out of the process

Question 20

Purpose of sampling

Answer 20

Nutritional labeling
Detect contaminants
Statistical process control
Accept or reject raw materials
Release of lots of finished products
Micro safety

Question 21

Sampling plan contains

Answer 21

Goals
Factors to be measured
Sampling point
Sampling procedure
Frequency and size
Personnel
Preservation

Question 22

Unreliable data obtained by

Answer 22

Poor sampling techniques
Sample degradation
Mislabeling of samples

Question 23

Grinding dry materials

Answer 23

Mortar and pestle
Mills
Mechanical grinding device
Screens control particle size

Question 24

Grinding moist materials

Answer 24

Grinding might cause moisture loss
Bowl cutters, meat mincers, tissue grinders

Question 25

Enzymatic treatments

Answer 25

Cellulases
Proteases
Carbohydrases
Disintegrate materials

Question 26

Chemical treatments

Answer 26

Disintegrate or extract
Urea
Pyridine
Phenol
Acid

Question 27

Enzymatic inactivation

Answer 27

Heat denaturation
Freezer storage
Change the pH
Salt out

Question 28

Lipid ox protection

Answer 28

Protect unsaturated lipids
More stable when frozen

Antioxidants
Protect from light

Question 29

Microbial growth and contamination

Answer 29

Freezing
Drying
Preservatives
Storage time and conditions
Aseptic technique