Sample Test (Test 2)

Question 1

1. Microevolution is
   a. the formation of new species.
   b. the extinction of a species.
   c. evolutionary change within a species.
   d. the death of individuals.

Answer 1

-evolutionary change within a species.

Question 2

2. Macroevolution is
   a. the formation of new species.
   b. the death of individuals.
   c. evolutionary change within a species.
   d. the extinction of a species.

Answer 2

-the formation of new species.

Question 3

3. Why are biologists uncertain about how a species should be defined?
   a. Biologists have not incorporated behavior into species’
   definitions.
   b. Biologists do not know how reproductive isolation happens.
   c. Biologists are uncertain of how new species arise and how
   established species are maintained.
   d. Biologists have not figured out how to use DNA data to
   determine species’ status.

Answer 3

-Biologists are uncertain of how new species arise and how

established species are maintained.

Question 4

4. ________ occurs when members of a given
   group of organisms do NOT successfully mate with
   organisms of the same species outside of their
   group.
   a. Monogamy c. Reproductive isolation
   b. Gene flow d. Microevolution

Answer 4

-

Question 5

5. According to the biological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that
   a. share morphology.
   b. share the same geographical and environmental circumstances.
   c. are reproductively isolated from other like groups.
   d. share genetic information.

Answer 5

-are reproductively isolated from other like groups.

Question 6

6. The biological species concept emphasizes
   a. genetic drift within populations.
   b. gene flow between populations.
   c. the importance of mutations.
   d. that the amount of genetic information that is exchanged within
   a population rarely changes.

Answer 6

-gene flow between populations

Question 7

7. According to the biological species concept, species remain the same because
   a. new mutations are usually maladaptive.
   b. environments change slowly.
   c. gene flow keeps individuals similar to each other.
   d. natural selection is a powerful process.

Answer 7

-gene flow keeps individuals similar to each other

Question 8

8. According to the ecological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that
   a. share morphology.
   b. are reproductively isolated from other like groups.
   c. share genetic information.
   d. share the same geographical and environmental circumstances.

Answer 8

-share morphology.

Question 9

9. Which of the following does the ecological species concept emphasize?
   a. The importance of allopatry between species
   b. The importance of gene flow within species
   c. The importance of sympatry within species
   d. The importance of selection pressures

Answer 9

-The importance of selection pressures

Question 10

10. According to the ecological species concept, individuals within a species remain similar to each other because
    a. individuals in the same environment experience similar natural
    selection pressures.
    b. lack of gene flow prevents the mixing of genes.
    c. individuals in the same population share DNA.
    d. individuals in the same environment sometimes experience
    different selection pressures.

Answer 10

-

Question 11

1. ________ speciation occurs when selection
   causes a single species to develop different
   adaptations to a similar environment.
   a) Allopatric
   b) Sympatric
   c) Parapatric
   d) Peripatric

Answer 11

-

Question 12

2. Parapatric speciation occurs when
   a) selection causes a single species to develop different adaptations to
   a similar environment.
   b) a population is divided into two reproductively isolated subgroups
   that form separate species.
   c) a single species experiences a gradient of environmental differences
   within its geographic range, which result in reproductive isolation.
   d) a formerly isolated subpopulation recolonizes its home range and
   mates with the remaining individuals.

Answer 12

-maybe a

Question 13

3. Different species of baboons live all over Africa
   in very diverse habitats. This is an example of
   ________ speciation.
   a) non-Darwinian
   b) Parapatric
   c) Sympatric
   d) allopatric

Answer 13

-

Question 14

4. A hybrid zone
   a) provides evidence for allopatric speciation.
   b) sometimes contains individuals that are less fit than those outside
   of hybrid zones.
   c) sometimes contains adaptive radiations.
   d) provides evidence for the ecological species concept.

Answer 14

-

Question 15

5. Adaptive radiation occurs when
   a) a mutation caused by solar radiation produces adaptations.
   b) a population expands across a uniform habitat.
   c) multiple new species are produced because subpopulations adapt
   to new environments.
   d) a species loses adaptations through mutation.

Answer 15

-

Question 16

6. Adaptive radiations are associated with
   a) macroevolution.
   b) taxonomy.
   c) microevolution.
   d) systematics.

Answer 16

-

Question 17

7. At the end of the Cretaceous era, mammals
   diversified to fill a broad range of ecological
   niches. This is an example of
   a) reinforcement.
   b) hybrid zones.
   c) phylogeny.
   d) adaptive radiation.

Answer 17

-

Question 18

8. A phylogeny
   a) reflects developmental stages.
   b) can only be used for closely related species.
   c) reflects the evolutionary history of living species.
   d) does not help us understand evolutionary events.

Answer 18

-

Question 19

9. Closely related species are similar to each
   other because they
   a) share a recent common ancestor.
   b) have converged on some functional characteristic, such as flight.
   c) live in close proximity to one another.
   d) live in similar environments all over the world.

Answer 19

-

Question 20

10. Closely related species are more similar to
    each other than they are to distantly related
    species for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
    a) they share a more recent common ancestor than distantly related
    species.
    b) distantly related species have had interrupted gene flow for a
    longer period of time.
    c) distantly related species have had a longer time for independent
    evolution.
    d) they have experienced more similar selection pressures than
    distantly related species.

Answer 20

-