Sample test questions Flashcards by marla Johanesen

This is the study of the functions of body structures.
a. Anatomy
b. Physiology
c. Dissection
d. Histology
e. Immunology

Ans: B
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 1.1

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This is defined as a group of cells with similar structure and function.
a. Tissue
b. Organ
c. Molecules
d. Compounds
e. Organism

Ans: A
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 1.2

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Using your fingers to find your pulse on your wrist is an example of
a. Auscultation
b. Palpation
c. Responsiveness
d. Gross anatomy
e. Physiologist

Ans: B
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 1.2

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Percussion techniques can be used to determine

a. Heart beats
b. Pulse rate
c. Amplify sounds
d. Fluid in the lungs
e. Enlarged organs

Ans: D
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 1.2

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This is the sum of all cellular processes that occur in the body.

a. Metabolism
b. Anabolism
c. Catabolism
d. Auscultation
e. Palpation

Ans: A
Difficulty: hard
Feedback: 1.3

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List the 6 basic processes of life.

metabolism
responsiveness
movement
growth
differentiation
reproduction.

Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 1.3

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This is the regulation of body conditions within normal limits.

a. Palpation
b. Percussion
c. Homeostasis
d. Autopsy
e. Histology

Ans: C
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 1.4

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The systems that provide homeostasis are:

a. Cardiovascular and Integumentary
b. Nervous system and Endocrine
c. Cardiovascular and respiratory systems
d. Respiratory and muscular systems
e. Urinary and integumentary systems

Ans: B
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 1.4

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This body fluid directly affects the proper functioning of cells.

a. Lymph
b. Blood
c. Interstitial fluid
d. Aqueous humor
e. Vitreous body

Ans: C
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 1.4

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Name the differences between a positive and a negative feedback system.

A positive feedback system will strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions

A negative feedback system will reverse a change in a controlled condition.

Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 1.4

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This is the structure of a feedback system that receives output from the control center.

a. Receptor
b. Body fluids
c. Brain
d. Effector
e. Afferent

Ans: D
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 1.4

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This is the structure of a feedback system that provides input to the control center.

a. Receptor
b. Muscle
c. Brain
d. Effector
e. Efferent

Ans: A
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 1.4

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This is a change in body function that can be measured objectively.

a. Symptom
b. Disorder
c. Disturbance
d. Disease
e. Sign

Ans: E
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 1.4

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Describe the anatomical position.

subject stands erect facing the observer
head level
eyes facing forward
feet are flat on the floor and directed forward
arms are at the sides
palms turned forward.

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In which cavity is the brain located?

a. Cranial cavity
b. Vertebral cavity
c. Abdominal cavity
d. Pericardial cavity
e. Pleural cavity

Ans: A
Difficulty: Easy
Feedback: 1.5

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In which cavity are the lungs located?

a. Cranial cavity
b. Vertebral cavity
c. Abdominal cavity
d. Pericardial cavity
e. Pleural cavity

Ans: E
Difficulty: Easy
Feedback: 1.5

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In which cavity is the stomach located?

a. Cranial cavity
b. Vertebral cavity
c. Abdominal cavity
d. Pericardial cavity
e. Pleural cavity

Ans: C
Difficulty: Easy
Feedback: 1.5

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This cavity is inferior to the abdominopelvic cavity.

a. Vertebral canal
b. Cranial cavity
c. Abdominal cavity
d. Pericardial cavity
e. Pelvic cavity

Ans: E
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 1.5

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The function of the secretions of the serous membrane is to:

a. Separate the thoracic and abdominal cavities
b. Protect the central nervous system
c. Prevent infection
d. Reduce friction between organs
e. Carry nervous impulses

Ans: D
Difficulty: Medium
Feedback: 1.5

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This plane divides the body into right and left halves.

a. Frontal
b. Sagittal
c. Transverse
d. Oblique
e. Coronal

Ans: B
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 1.5

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A transverse plane will cut a body or organ into

a. Anterior and posterior
b. Left and right
c. Superior and inferior
d. At an angle
e. Unequal left and right sides

Ans: C
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 1.5

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This plane divides the body into anterior and posterior halves.

a. Frontal
b. Sagittal
c. Transverse
d. Oblique
e. Midsagittal

Ans: A
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 1.5

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This directional term means farthest from the midline.

a. Medial
b. Anterior
c. Proximal
d. Deep
e. Lateral

Ans: E
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 1.5

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This directional term means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure.

a. Deep
b. Contralateral
c. Lateral
d. Cephalic
e. Distal

Ans: E
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 1.5

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# Choose the directional term that would make the sentence correct. The heart is _____ to the liver. a. Inferior b. Anterior c. Contralateral d. Superior e. Superficial ## Footnote

Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5

# Choose the directional term that would make the sentence correct: The sternum is ____ to the heart. a. Posterior b. Anterior c. Inferior d. Superior e. Lateral ## Footnote

Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5

This covers the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities and lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen. a. Pericardium b. Pleura c. Mediastinum d. Diaphragm e. Serous membrane

Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5

1.Which of the following is not one of the main tissue types found in the human body? a. epithelial b. connective c. myocardial d. muscle e. nervous

1.This type of cell junction anchors adjacent cells and resists their separation during contractile activities. ## Footnote a. tight and hemidesmosome b. gap and tight c. adherens and desmosome d. desmosome and gap e. hemidesmosome and tight

1. This is a thin extracellular layer, that commonly consists of basal lamina and reticular lamina, that is found in epithelial tissues. a. basement membrane b. epithelial cells c. connective tissue d. vascular tissue e. gap junctions

Epithelial tissue a. Is used as a covering b. Is used as a lining c. Is used in glands d. Has a free surface e. All of the above

1.This tissue is found lining the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. a. Simple squamous epithelial b. Simple cuboidal epithelial c. Stratified squamous epithelial d. Stratified cuboidal epithelial e. Simple columnar epithelial

1.This tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin. a. Simple squamous epithelial b. Simple cuboidal epithelial c. Stratified squamous epithelial d. Stratified cuboidal epithelial e. Simple columnar epithelial

1.This tissue forms glands. a. Simple squamous epithelial b. Areolar connective tissue c. Stratified squamous epithelial d. Stratified cuboidal epithelial e. Transitional epithelial

1.This tissue lines the respiratory tract and the fallopian tubes. a. Simple cuboidal epithelial b. Ciliated simple columnar epithelial c. Stratified columnar epithelial d. Stratified cuboidal epithelial e. Transitional epithelial

1.Where is it most likely to find transitional epithelial cells? a. Lining esophagus b. Outer layer of skin c. Urinary bladder d. Heart e. Covering skull bones

1.These are categorized by whether the ducts are branched or unbranched. a. Unicellular glands b. Multicellular glands c. Endocrine glands d. Exocrine glands e. All of the above

1.How are exocrine glands classified? a. Based on shape b. Based on size c. Based on how their secretion is released d. Based on how they synthesize their secretion e. All of the above

1.In connective tissue, the matrix consists of a. Protein based enzymes and organelles b. Plasma membranes and ground substance c. Blood cells and protein fibers d. Calcified crystals of minerals and enzymes e. Protein fibers and ground substance

1. Connective tissues do NOT include a. Bone b. Blood cells c. Cartilage d. tendons e. Liver cells

1.This component of connective tissue is found between the cells and fibers and is used for support and as a medium for chemical reactions. a. Matrix b. Formed elements c. Ground substance d. Basement membrane e. Plasma membrane

1.Common polysaccharides found in ground substance include a. Hyaluronic acid b. Melatonin c. Cholesterol d. All of the above e. None of the above

1.Which fibers are seen embedded in the matrix of connective tissue? a. Elastic b. Reticular c. Collagen d. All of the above e. None of the above

1.Reticular fibers help form this, which is used as a supporting framework for many soft organs. a. Matrix b. Ground substance c. Basement membrane d. Stroma e. Visceral layer

1.Which of the following is classified as loose connective tissue? a. Blood b. Bone tissue c. Areolar connective tissue d. Elastic tissue e. Hyaline connective tissue

1.Where is the most common location for adipose tissue? a. Subcutaneous layer deep to skin b. Lining bones c. Covering brain d. Inside ear canal e. Cartilage

1.Dense connective tissues main function is a. Storage of mineral b. Forms stroma of organs c. Reducing heat loss d. Strong attachment between structures e. Aids in elasticity

1.This type of connective tissue is found between intervertebral discs. a. Adipose b. Elastic c. Fibrocartilage d. Dense irregular e. Reticular

1. What is NOT an epithelial membrane in the human body? a. Mucous membrane b. Serous membrane c. Cutaneous membrane d. Endocardium membrane

1.This type of membrane lines a body cavity that does NOT open directly to the outside. a. Cutaneous b. Serous c. Mucous d. Basement e. Connective

1.These are immature, undifferentiated cells that can divide to replace lost or damaged cells. a. Stem cells b. Parenchyma c. Fibrosis d. Granular tissue e. Adhesions

1. This is another name for the subcutaneous layer. a. Dermis b. Epidermis c. Corpuscle d. Basale e. Hypodermis ## Footnote

Ans: E Difficulty: easy Feedback: 5.1

1.This layer is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. a. Epidermis b. Dermis c. Hypodermis d. Subcutaneous e. Corpuscle

Ans: A Difficulty: easy Feedback: 5.1

1.Keratin a. Is a protein b. Helps protect the bone from viruses c. Is a protein that is made of melanocytes d. Both a and c e. All of the above

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 5.1

1.This pigment absorbs ultraviolet light. a. Keratin b. Melanin c. Melatonin d. Carotene e. Nigrosin

Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 5.1

1.This epidermal cell has a role in immunity and disease resistance. a. Langerhans b. Keratinocytes c. Melanocyte d. Merkel cell e. Corpuscle

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 5.1

1.This layer of epidermis is composed of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes. a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum lucidum e. Stratum corneum

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 5.1

1.This layer of the epidermis contains layers of flattened keratinocytes that are going through apoptosis. a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum lucidum e. Stratum corneum

Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 5.1

1.The stratum lucidum a. Contains lamellar granules b. Lies just superficially to stratum basale c. Is the layer used in a skin graft d. Is present only in thick skin e. Consists of 25-30 layers of dead keratinocytes.

Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 5.1

1.Constant exposure of skin to friction stimulates the formation of a callus which is the thickening of which layer? a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum lucidum e. Stratum corneum

Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 5.1

1.Keratinization a. Is the process of synthesizing pigment in the skin b. Is the process of cells accumulating keratin c. Is only seen in thin skin d. Is the process of synthesizing pigment and accumulating keratin e. None of the above

Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 5.1

1.This layer is composed mainly of connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers. a. Hypodermis b. Basement membrane c. Epidermis d. Dermis e. Hypodermis

Ans: D Difficulty: easy Feedback: 5.1

1.Albinism a. Is the absence of melanin b. Is the absence of carotene c. Is the absence of both melanin and carotene d. Is the absence of keratin e. Is the absence of thick skin

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 5.1

1.Thick skin a. Is found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips b. Does not contain hair follicles c. Contains more sweat glands than thin skin d. Contain epidermal ridges e. All of the above

Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 5.1

1.Which of the following plays an important role in thermoregulation? a. Merkel cell b. Sebaceous gland c. Sweat gland d. Nail e. Fingerprint

Ans: C Difficulty: easy Feedback: 5.2

1.This skin structure acts to prevent water loss as well as inhibiting bacterial growth on the surface of the skin. a. Thick skin b. nails c. Sweat glands d. Hair e. Oil glands

Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 5.2

1.Describe how an arrector pili works. ## Footnote

Arrector pili are a smooth muscle that extends from the superficial dermis of the skin to the side of the hair follicle. In its normal position, hair emerges at an angle to the surface of the skin. Under physiological or emotional stress, such as cold or fright, autonomic nerve endings stimulate the arrector pili muscle to contract, which pulls the hair shafts perpendicular to the skin surface. This action causes “goose bumps” because the skin around the shaft forms slight elevations.

1.This type of gland is a branched acinar gland connected to a hair follicle. a. Sebaceous b. Sudoriferous c. Both sebaceous and sudoriferous d. None of the above

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 5.2

1.This type of gland is a coiled tubular gland found almost throughout the entirety of the skin. a. Sebaceous b. Eccrine c. Appocrine d. Ceruminous e. None of the above

Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 5.2

briefly describe the steps in epidermal wound healing. ## Footnote

* basal cells of the epidermis surrounding the wound break contact with the basement membrane. * The cells then enlarge and migrate across the wound. * When epidermal cells encounter each other they stop migrating due to contact inhibition. * Migration of the epidermal cells stops completely when each is finally in contact with other epidermal cells on all sides.

Briefly describe the steps in deep wound healing. ## Footnote

In deep wound healing, a * blood clot forms during inflammation & loosely unites the wound edges. * migratory phase the clot becomes a scab and epithelial cells migrate beneath the scab to bridge the wound. * Fibroblasts migrate along fibrin threads and begin synthesizing scar tissue and damaged blood vessels begin to regrow. * During the maturation phase, the scab sloughs off once the epidermis has been restored to normal thickness. * Collagen fibers become more organized, fibroblasts decrease in number and blood vessels are restored to normal.

1.In this type of scarring, the scar tissue extends beyond the boundary of the injury into normal tissue. a. Hypertrophic b. Keloid c. Proliferative d. Inhibitory e. Granulatory

Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 5.4

Compare and contrast the locations and structure of thin and thick skin. ## Footnote

* Thick skin is found on palms and palmar surfaces of digits and soles, while thin skin is found in all other areas but not these. * Thick skin is 4-5x thicker than thin skin. The stratum lucidum is present in thick skin but not thin, and strata spinosum and corneum are thicker. * Thick skin exhibits epidermal ridges, more sweat glands and denser sensory receptors. * Thin skin has hair follicles and sebaceous glands, while thick skin does not. Difficulty: medium