Module 4 sample tests Flashcards by marla Johanesen

1.Interoceptors are found in

a. blood vessels
b. visceral organs
c. muscles
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Ans: D
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 15.1

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1.Autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by

a. increasing activities in effector tissue.
b. decreasing activities in effector tissue.
c. changing the direction of impulse conduction across synapses.
d. Both a and b
e. None of the above

Ans: D
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 15.1

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1.The output of the ANS does NOT control

a. Exocrine glands
b. Skeletal muscle
c. Cardiac muscle
d. Smooth muscle
e. Endocrine glands

Ans: B
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 15.1

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1.Which of the following descriptions of a preganglionic neuron is NOT correct?

a. Has axons that exit the CNS in a cranial or spinal nerve.
b. Has myelinated axons.
c. Forms the first part of an autonomic motor pathway.
d. Has its cell body in the brain or spinal cord.
e. Forms gap junctions with postganglionic neurons.

Ans: E
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 15.2

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1.A postganglionic neuron

a. releases neurotransmitter that binds to the effector cell.
b. is the first part of an autonomic motor pathway.
c. has its cell body in the brain or spinal cord.
d. has its axons exiting the CNS through cranial nerves.

Ans: A
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 15.2

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1.These neurons normally have the shortest axons.

a. Somatic motor neurons
b. Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
c. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons
d. Preganglionic sympathetic neurons
e. Somatosensory neurons.

Ans: D
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 15.2

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1.Which of the following does NOT describe the sympathetic division of the ANS?

a. Ganglia primarily found in the head
b. Stimulates sweat glands
c. Synapses with smooth muscle in blood vessel walls
d. Short preganglionic neurons
e. Thoracolumbar output

Ans: A
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 15.2

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1.Which of the following does NOT describe the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

a. Long preganglionic neurons
b. Synapses with smooth muscle in blood vessels walls
c. Vagus nerve output
d. Ganglia found near visceral effectors
e. Sacral spinal cord output

Ans: B
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 15.2

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1.Which of the following terms is used to designate an effector that is innervated by both the paraympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS?

a. Preganglionic stimulation
b. Biganglion excitation
c. Multi-autonomic output
d. Reciprocal innervation
e. Dual innervation

Ans: E
Difficulty: medium

Feedback: 15.2

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1.Which of the following is not considered a part of the prevertebral ganglia?

a. Celiac ganglion
b. Terminal ganglion
c. Superior mesenteric ganglion
d. Inferior mesenteric ganglion
e. All are prevertebral ganglia

Ans: B
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 15.2

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**1.Which is not an example of terminal ganglia?

a. Ciliary ganglion
b. Pterygopalatine ganglion
c. Submandibular ganglion
d. Otic ganglion
e. All are parasympathetic terminal ganglion**

Ans: E
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 15.2

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1.This is the largest autonomic plexus.

a. Superior mesenteric plexus
b. Renal plexus
c. Cardiac plexus
d. Celiac plexus
e. Hypogastric plexus

Ans: D
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 15.2

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1.This plexus is located anterior to the fifth lumbar vertebra and supplies pelvic viscera.

a. Inferior mesenteric plexus
b. Renal plexus
c. Celiac plexus
d. Hypogastric plexus
e. Superior mesenteric plexus

Ans: D
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 15.2

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1.These are structures containing sympathetic preganglionic axons that connect the anterior ramus of the spinal nerve with the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk.

a. Lumbar splanchnic nerve
b. Greater splanchnic nerve
c. Inferior cervical ganglion
d. White rami communicantes
e. Gray rami communicantes

Ans: D
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 15.2

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1.These ganglia contain the cell bodies of the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons that serve the parotid salivary glands.

a. Ciliary ganglia
b. Pterygopalatine ganglia
c. Submandibular ganglia
d. Otic ganglia
e. None of the above

Ans: D
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 15.2

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1.Which of the following neurotransmitters bind to autonomic receptors?

a. Nicotine and adrenaline
b. Muscarine and acetylcholine
c. Norepinephrine and muscarine
d. Norepinephrine and acetycholine
e. Somatin and nicotine

Ans: D
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 15.3

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1.Acetylcholine is released by _____________postganglionic neurons and is removed______than norepinephrine.

a. Sympathetic and slower
b. Sympathetic and faster
c. Parasympathetic and slower
d. Parasympathetic and faster

Ans: D
Difficulty: medium

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1.Which of the following are classified as cholinergic receptors?

a. Nicotinic and adrenergic receptors
b. Muscarinic and somatic receptors
c. Adrenergic and somatic receptors
d. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
e. Somatic and nicotinic

Ans: D
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 15.3

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1.Autonomic tone is regulated by the

a. medulla oblongata.
b. cerebellum.
c. cerebrum.
d. vermis.
e. hypothalamus.

Ans: E
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 15.4

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1.Which of the following responses is NOT caused by activation of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

a. Decreased heart rate
b. Airway dilation
c. Decreased pupil diameter
d. Increased digestion
e. Increased urine production

Ans: B
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 15.4

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1.Which of the following does NOT contribute to the longer lasting and more widespread effects observed with sympathetic activation versus parasympathetic activation?

a. Acetylcholine is more rapidly removed from synapses.
b. Additional norepinephrine is released from the adrenal gland.
c. Greater divergence occurs in sympathetic motor pathways.
d. Blood flow to hypothalamus is decreased when sympathetic activation occurs.

Ans: D
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 15.4

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1.Which of the following responses is NOT caused by activation of the sympathetic division?

a. Increased heart rate
b. Airway constriction
c. Decreased blood flow to kidneys and gastrointestinal tract
d. Increased blood flow to skeletal and cardiac muscle, liver and fat
e. Increased blood glucose level

Ans: B
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 15.4

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1.A single sensory neuron can have how many modalities?

a. One
b. Dozens
c. Hundreds
d. Thousands
e. None

Ans: A
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 16.1

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1.Which of the following is not an event in the process of sensation?

a. Stimulation of sensory receptors
b. Transduction of the stimulus
c. Transmission of the synapse
d. Generation of impulses
e. Integration of sensory input.

Ans: C
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 16.1

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1.These are sensory receptors that are located in blood vessels and visceral organs and their signals are not usually consciously perceived. a. Encapsulated nerve endings b. Interoceptors c. Chemoreceptors d. Osmoreceptors e. Separate cells

Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 16.1

1.This type of sensory receptor responds to stimuli resulting from physical or chemical damage to tissue. a. Encapsulated nerve endings b. Free nerve endings c. Separate cells d. Nociceptors e. Chemoreceptors

Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 16.1

1.During this, the frequency of nerve impulses in the first-order neuron decreases during prolonged stimulus. a. Fatigue b. Adaptation c. Perception d. Modality e. Transduction

Ans: B Difficulty: easy Feedback: 16.1

1.Which of the following is considered a receptor for fine touch? a. Meissner corpuscles b. Merkel disc c. Pacinian corpuscle d. Osmoreceptors e. Photoreceptors

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 16.2

1.Which of the following is considered a rapidly adapting receptor? a. A. Meissner corpuscle b. B. Merkel disc c. C. Pacinian corpuscle d. Both a and b e. All of the above

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 16.2

1.Where are cold receptors found? a. Stratum Lucidum b. Dermis c. Stratum basale d. Stratum Corneum e. Hypodermis

Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 16.2

1.Visceral pain results from stimulating a. Nocicpetors b. Chemoreceptors c. Exteroreceptors d. Proprioceptors e. None of the above

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 16.2

1.Identify the incorrect statement. a. Proprioceptive sensations allow us to estimate the weight of certain objects b. Proprioceptive sensations are from slowly adapting receptors c. Proprioceptive sensations have receptors embedded in muscles and tendons d. Proprioceptive sensations allow us to determine position of body structures e. Proprioceptive sensations promote activity of the gustatory region of the brain

Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 16.2

1.The main function of muscle spindles are a. To determine tension of the tendon b. To pick up referred pain c. To perceive cutaneous sensations d. To measure muscle length e. To pick up muscle fatigue

Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 16.2

1.These are found in the articular capsules of synovial joints. a. Tendon organs b. Gamma motor neurons c. Muscle spindles d. Kinesthetic receptors e. Tactile receptors

Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 16.2

1.The postcentral gyri of the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex a. Are considered the primary gustatory area b. Receives body sensory information c. Controls voluntary body movements d. Receives visual information e. Provides the ability to move the eyeballs

Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 16.3

1.This conducts impulses from the somatic receptors into the brain stem or spinal cord. a. A. First order neuron b. B. Second order neuron c. C. Third order neuron d. Both a and b e. None of the above

Ans: A Difficulty: easy Feedback: 16.3

1.This conducts impulses from the brain stem and spinal cord to the thalamus. a. A. First order neuron b. B. Second order neuron c. C. Third order neuron d. Both a and b e. None of the above

Ans: B Difficulty: easy Feedback: 16.3

1.This conducts impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cortex on the same side. a. First order neuron b. Second order neuron c. Third order neuron d. Post ganglionic neurons e. None of the above

Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 16.3

Proprioception means awareness of a. Visual acuity b. Crude perception of temperature c. Color vision d. Position e. Blood gasses

Ans: D Difficulty: easy Feedback: 16.16.2

Lower motor cell bodies have their cell bodies in the _________________ and their axons in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a. ganglia, brain b. spine, brain c. brain, head d. brain, spine e. spine, ganglia

Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 16.4

Axons extending from the brain to the lower motor neuron are called a. upper motor neuron b. bipolar neurons c. second order neurons d. None of the above e. Proprioceptors

Ans: A Difficulty: easy Feedback: 16.4

1.Olfactory receptors are found a. Throughout the nasal cavity b. Only in the superior portion of the nasal cavity c. Only in the inferior portion of the nasal cavity d. From the vestibule to the pharynx e. Only in the mid-nasal ridges

Ans: B Difficulty: easy Feedback: 17.1

1.These cells provide for the sense of smell. a. Olfactory hair cells b. Glial cells c. Basal stem cells d. Bowman’s glands e. Gustatory cells

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 17.1

1.These provide physical support, nourishment and electrical insulation for olfactory receptors. a. Dendrites b. Glial cells c. Basal stem cells d. Bowman’s glands e. Supporting cells

Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 17.1

1.Adaptation a. Occurs rapidly b. Is an increase in sensitivity c. Is seen in olfaction and hearing d. Occurs only with vision e. Never occurs with taste

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 17.1

1.The olfactory tract a. Projects to the cortical region controlled by the limbic system and part of the amygdala b. Has its integrating center in the hypothalamus c. Is only motor neurons d. Receives information from the taste buds e. Consists of the olfactory and vestibocochlear nerves

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 17.1

1.These cells provide for the sense of taste. a. Olfactory hair cells b. Tastant cells c. Basal stem cells d. General receptor cells e. Gustatory cells

Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 17.2

1.Taste buds are found a. A. Epiglottis b. B. Pharynx c. C. Soft palate d. Both a and b e. All of the above

Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 17.2

1.Which of the following papillae do not contain taste buds? a. Vallate b. Fungiform c. Foliate d. Filiform

Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 17.2

1.Which of the following nerves serves in a gustatory function? a. Vestibulocochlear b. Oculomotor c. Vagus d. Trigeminal e. Spinal accessory

Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 17.2

1.Which is not considered an accessory structure of the eye? a. Eyelids b. Eyelashes c. Lacrimal apparatus d. Eyebrows e. Retina

Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 17.3

1.Which of the following is the space between the upper and lower eyelids? a. Palpebral fissure b. Levator palpebrae c. Lacrimal caruncle d. Lateral commissure e. Conjectiva

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 17.3

1.This is a thin layer that protects the anterior surface of the eyeball. a. Palpebral fissure b. Conjectiva c. Lateral commissure d. Tarsal plate e. Choroid

Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 17.3

1.Infection of a sebaceous ciliary gland can result in: a. Blood shot eyes b. Inhibition of crying c. Sty d. Tumor e. Blindness

Ans: C Difficulty: easy Feedback: 17.3

1.Which is the correct order in the flow of tears? a. Lacrimal gland, lacrimal sac, excretory lacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity b. Lacrimal gland, excretory lacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, nasolacrimal duct, lacrimal sac, nasal cavity c. Lacrimal gland, excretory lacrimal duct, nasolacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, lacrimal sac, nasal cavity d. Lacrimal gland, excretory lacrimal duct, superior of inferior lacrimal canal, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity e. Lacrimal gland, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, excretory lacrimal duct, nasal cavity

Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 17.3

1.How many extrinsic eye muscles are responsible for moving the eye? a. 10 b. 12 c. 6 d. 4 e. 20

Ans: C Difficulty: easy Feedback: 17.3

1.This is the transparent coat that covers the iris. a. Retina b. Choroid c. Tunic d. Ciliary body e. Cornea

Ans: E Difficulty: easy Feedback: 17.3

1.The main function of this structure is to regulate the amount of light entering the eyeball through the pupil. a. Retina b. Cornea c. Iris d. Choroid e. Tunic

Ans: C Difficulty: easy Feedback: 17.3

1.The lens is made of layers of proteins called a. Choroid b. Ciliary bodies c. Crystallins d. Cones e. Rods

Ans: C Difficulty: easy Feedback: 17.3

1.This lies between the lens and the retina. a. Vitreous chamber b. Pupil c. Iris d. Cornea e. Aqueous chamber

Ans: A Difficulty: easy Feedback: 17.3

1.This structure protects the inner parts of the eyeball. a. Sclera b. Pupil c. Iris d. Cornea e. Retina

Ans: A Difficulty: easy Feedback: 17.3

1.This darkly pigmented structure reduces light reflection within the eyeball. a. Sclera b. Conjunctiva c. Iris d. Chorid e. Retina

Ans: D Difficulty: easy Feedback: 17.3

1.Which of the below receptors is primarily used during high light situations? a. scotopsin b. rods c. cones d. vitamin A e. optic nerve

Ans: C Difficulty: easy Feedback: 17.3

1.The first step in visual transduction is: a. allowing light through pupil b. stopping scattering of light c. enhancing light level d. absorbing light by photopigments e. generating action potentials in optic nerve

Ans: D Difficulty: hard Feedback: 17.3

1.Binocular vision a. Gives depth perception b. Provides accurate color vision c. Is only seen in humans d. Can be created with only one eye e. All of the above

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 17.3

1.Which of the below structures acts to convert sound waves to vibrations? a. cochlea b. pinna c. tympanic membrane d. Organ of Corti e. vestibulocochlear nerve

Ans: C Difficulty: easy Feedback: 17.4

1.Which of the below structures converts vibrations to action potentials? a. cochlea b. pinna c. tympanic membrane d. Organ of Corti e. vestibulocochlear nerve

Ans: D Difficulty: easy

1.Which of the below structures carries action potentials caused by sound transduction? a. cochlea b. pinna c. tympanic membrane d. Organ of Corti e. vestibulocochlear nerve

Ans: E Difficulty: easy Feedback: 17.4

1.Which of the below structures senses dynamic equilibrium? a. cochlea b. Semicircular canals c. maccule of vestibule d. Organ of Corti e. vestibulocochlear nerve

Ans: B Difficulty: easy Feedback: 17.4

1.Which of the following is NOT a function of a hormone? a. Regulates chemical composition and volume of the internal environment b. Regulates metabolism c. Regulates glandular secretions d. Produces electrolytes e. Controls growth and development

Ans: D Difficulty: easy Feedback: 18.2

1.When a hormone is present in excessive levels, the number of target-cell receptors may decrease. This is called: a. Receptor recognition b. Circulating hormone c. Paracrine d. Up regulation e. Down regulation

Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.3

1.These hormones act on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream. a. Local hormones b. Paracrines c. Autocrines d. Both b and c e. All of the above

Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.3

1.These are lipid soluble hormones derived from cholesterol. a. Steroids b. Thyroid hormones c. Nitric Oxide d. Amine hormones e. Peptide hormones

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.3

1.Which of the following is a major eicosanoid? a. Prostaglandins b. Leukotrienes c. Glycoproteins d. Both a and b e. All of the above

Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.3

1.What is a major difference in the action of a water soluble hormone versus a lipid soluble hormone? a. Lipid soluble hormones bind to cell surface receptors b. How the mRNA is transcribed c. The use of a second messenger d. Only one type needs a hormone receptor e. Lipid hormones are not found in the bloodstream

Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.4

1.When one hormone opposing the action of another hormone is it called: a. Synergistic effects b. Permissive effects c. Antagonistic effects d. Circulating e. Local

Ans: C Difficulty: easy Feedback: 18.4

1.Which of the following is not a way hormone secretion is regulated. a. A. Signals from the nervous system b. B. Chemical changes in the blood c. C. Signals from the peripheral nervous system d. D. The action of other hormones e. Both a and b

Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.5

1.What controls the anterior pituitary gland? a. Chemical signals from the blood b. The peripheral nervous system c. Action of hypothalamic hormones d. Action potentials from the thalamus e. Chemical changes in CSF

Ans: C Difficulty: easy Feedback: 18.6

1.Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates growth of long bones? a. Human growth hormone b. Prolactin c. Thyrotropin d. Follicle stimulating hormone e. Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Ans: A Difficulty: medium

11.Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates milk production? a) Luteinizing hormone b) Prolactin c) Thyrotropin d) Melanocyte stimulating hormone e) Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.6

12.Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates Cortisol production? a) Luteinizing hormone b) Prolactin c) Insulin like growth factors d) Melanocyte stimulating hormone e) Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.6

13.Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates sex cell production? a) Luteinizing hormone b) TSH c) Corticotropin d) Melanocyte stimulating hormone e) Growth hormone

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.6

14.The pars distalis and the pars tuberalis comprise: a. The anterior pituitary b. The hypothalamus c. The posterior pituitary d. The adrenal gland e. The thyroid gland

Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.6

14.How many hormones do the five types of anterior pituitary cells secrete? a. 5 b. 7 c. 10 d. 12 e. unlimited

Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.6

14.Which type of anterior pituitary cell secretes human growth hormone? a. Thyrotrophs b. Gonadotrophs c. Somatotrophs d. Lactotrophs e. Corticotrophs

Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.6

Which hormones does the posterior pituitary produce? a. Prolactin and Human Growth hormone b. Melatonin stimulating hormone and Oxytocin c. Oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormone d. Follicle stimulating hormone and Thyroid stimulating hormone e. Prolactin and ACTH

Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.6

14.The amount of ADH that is secreted varies with a. Blood osmotic pressure b. Blood calcium levels c. Oxygen content of blood d. Blood levels of glucose e. All of the above

Ans: A Difficulty: hard Feedback: 18.6

14.Which of the following hormones opposes the action of parathyroid hormone? a. Thyroid stimulating hormone b. Testosterone c. Insulin d. Calcitonin e. Calcitriol

Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.7

14.Which of the following is not a part of the process used to synthesize and secrete T3 and T4? a. Iodide trapping b. Oxidation of iodide c. Coupling of T1 and T2 d. Hydrolysis of calcium e. Iodination of tyrosine

Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.7

14.Parathyroid hormone is the major regulator of the concentration of which of the following ions in the blood? a. Calcium b. Sodium c. Potassium d. Chloride e. Manganese

Ans: A Difficulty: easy Feedback: 18.8

14.Which of the following would most likely result when aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex is impaired? a. Decreased heart rate b. Decreased airway dilation c. Increased airway dilation d. Acidosis e. Alkalosis

Ans: D Difficulty: hard Feedback: 18.9

14.Which of the following is not a glucocorticoid effect? a. Protein and fat breakdown b. Glucose formation c. Immune suppression d. Reduction of inflammation e. Increase in blood cell production

Ans: E Difficulty: easy Feedback: 18.9

14.Which blood glucose lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cells? a. Insulin b. Plasma proteins c. Blood cotting factors d. Thyroid hormones e. Calcitonin

Ans: A Difficulty: easy Feedback: 18.10

14.Which hormone promotes an increased metabolic rate? a. Insulin b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone c. Glucagon d. Thyroid hormone e. Calcitonin

14.Which hormone is secreted in response to decreases in blood glucose concentration? a. Insulin b. Luteinizing hormone c. Glucagon d. Parathyroid hormone e. Calcitonin

Ans: C Difficulty: easy Feedback: 18.10

14.Which of the following hormones contribute to the body’s long term response to stress? a. Insulin, Glucagon, Thyroid hormone b. hGH, Insulin, Aldosterone c. Cortisol, hGH, Thyroid hormone d. Parathyroid hormone, Cortisol, hGH e. Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Insulin

Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.15

14.The responses of the body to long term stress does NOT include which one of the following responses. a. Lipolysis b. Glycogenolysis c. Gluconeogenesis d. Increased heart rate e. Breakdown of proteins

Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 18.15

14.This is an amine hormone derived from serotonin. a. Melatonin b. Melanin c. Glucose d. Glucocorticoid e. Eicosanoid

Ans: A Difficulty: easy Feedback: 18.12