Sample Techniques Flashcards

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1
Q

Target population

A

who the results can be generalised to (a group of people researchers want to describe and understand)

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2
Q

Sampling frame

A

who researchers have access to

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3
Q

Sample

A

who actually participate in the study

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4
Q

Generalisation

A

“the extent to which findings of an empirical investigation hold of a variation of populations and settings”

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5
Q

Representative

A

“a subset of a population that seeks to accurately reflect the characteristics of the larger group.”

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6
Q

‘external validity’

A

The extent to which a study can be generalised to a target population is called

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7
Q

Random sampling

A

every member of the target population has an equal chance of becoming part of the sample.

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8
Q

Opportunity (convenience) sampling

A

recruiting participants that are more easily available, pre-existing sample

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9
Q

Self-selected (volunteer) sampling

A

recruiting volunteers e.g. advertising experiment on Facebook and using the participants who respond

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10
Q

Snowball sampling

A

existing participants recommend additional potential participants, who themselves are observed and asked to nominate others, and so on until a sufficient number of participants is obtained

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11
Q

Stratified sampling

A

the researcher divides or ‘stratifies’ the target group into sections, each representing a key group (or characteristics) that should be present in the final sample

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12
Q

Purposive sampling

A

looking for people with a very specific set of traits e.g. expatriates who lived in Prague for over 25 years

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13
Q

What are the key strengths and limitations of each of these techniques?

A

Representativeness
Generalisability
Degree of bias
Ease of recruiting participants
Type/quality of participants
Other participant issues/considerations
Complexity of sampling techniques
Accuracy of results

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14
Q

What is one strength and one limitation of random?

A

Strength: Generalisability
Limitation: Other participant issues/considerations

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15
Q

What is one strength and one limitation of opportunity (convenience)?

A

Strength: Ease of recruiting participants
Limitation: Degree of bias - all the people come from the same place

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16
Q

What is one strength and one limitation of self-selected (volunteer)?

A

Strength: Ease of recruiting participants
Limitation: Type/quality of participants
Use a specific platform the advert is on

17
Q

What is one strength and one limitation of snowball?

A

Strength: Helpful in finding participants with niche characteristics
Limitation: Hard to recruit participants

18
Q

What is one strength and one limitation stratified?

A

Strength: Representative of many characteristics
Limitation: Complexity of sampling techniques

19
Q

What is one strength and one limitation of purposive?

A

Strength: Representative of niche characteristics
Limitation: Hard to recruit participants