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1.1 Introduction To Biomedical Science > Sample Questions > Flashcards

Sample Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Give three examples of materials that are birefringent.

A

Quartz
Sapphires
Calcite
Ice

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2
Q

What is meant by birefringent?

2

A

A material that refracts light in two directions - double refraction

This causes a double vision effect

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3
Q

What is the magnification of your eyepiece lens?

A

x10

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4
Q

What are the magnifications of your objective lenses?

A

x4
x10
x40
x100

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5
Q

Name 3/4 of the major microscope brands.

A

Olympus
Nikon
Zeiss
Leitz

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6
Q

What type of filters are used in fluorescent microscopes?

A

Exciter filter

Barrier filter

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7
Q

What is the function of the exciter filter in a fluorescent microscope?

A

The exciter filter allows only a certain wavelength of light to pass through and reach the sample

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8
Q

What is the function of the barrier filter in a fluorescent microscope?

A

The barrier filter allows a specific wavelength of light to pass through to the detector

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9
Q

Name three anti-coagulants used for blood samples.

A

Sodium citrate
EDTA
Lithium heparin

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10
Q

Why are anti-coagulants used?

A

To prepare the whole blood or the plasma

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11
Q

What are the tests carried out on cerebro-spinal fluid to investigate infection (meningitis)?

A

Cytospin

Gram Staining

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12
Q

Describe the process of cytospin.

A

Add couple drops of sample into the cytospin which compacts the sample into a dot on a slide - this concentrates the cellular material

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13
Q

What category does staphylococcus aureus belong to?

A

Bacteria

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14
Q

What category does myobacterium tuberculosis belong to?

A

Bacteria

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15
Q

What category does HIV1 belong to?

A

Virus

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16
Q

What category does plasmodium falciparum belong to?

A

Protozoan

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17
Q

What is plasmodium falciparum commonly called?

A

Malaria

18
Q

What category does Ebola belong to?

A

Virus

19
Q

What category does meningitis belong to?

A

Virus or bacteria depending on the type

20
Q

Which is the more fatal type of meningitis, bacterial or viral?

A

Bacterial

21
Q

What type of bin should you dispose needles in?

A

Sharps

22
Q

What type of bin should you dispose latex gloves in

A

Yellow bags/biological waste bags

23
Q

What type of bin should you dispose paper in?

A

Black bag

24
Q

What type of bin should you dispose blood in?

A

Blood is drained down the sink, the container is either put in the yellow bag or the sharps bin depending on weather or not it is sharp

25
Q

What type of bin should you dispose glass in?

A

Sharps bin

26
Q

What type of bin should you dispose pipette tips in?

A

Sharps bin

27
Q

Why do we use blanks in spectrophotometry?

A

The ‘blank’ allows you to set the spectrophotometer to zero before you measure your ‘unknown’ solution

28
Q

What are blanks?

A

A blank is a sample that contains everything except for the analyte of interest

29
Q

How is it possible to use a spectrophotometer to measure a colourless compound?
(2)

A

Even though the sample may appear colourless it may still emit a colour under ultraviolet or infrared light

This is because the visible spectre lies between 400 and 700 nanometers while the ultraviolet spectre lies between 10 and 400 nanometres (infrared = 700nm to 1mm)

30
Q

What is the ultraviolet region?

2

A

The range of light that exists between 10 and 400 nanometres

It is invisible

31
Q

How can light be emitted from the ultraviolet region?

A

Tryptophan fluoresces when exposed to ultraviolet light

Two double and two single bonds alternating in a molecule

32
Q

What is tryptophan?

A

An amino acid

33
Q

What do you do if optical density reading (absorbance is too high)?
(4)

A

Dilute it one and two

This new measured value should come within the standard curve

Then double the value at the end

E.g. find value for diluted sample then double it

34
Q

What experiment did you carry out to identify a faulty pipette?
(4)

A

Set up weighing scales

Weighed out the same amount of liquid (200ml) from each pipette

The pipette with the amount closest to 0.2 gis correctly calibrated and the one with the amount furthest away is the faulty pipette

This experiment is carry out on the basis that water has a density of 1g

35
Q

How can temperature affect pipetting?

3

A

Water expands at high temperatures

Therefore if one measures an amount of water when it is cold, the volume will have changed when the water is warmed up

Temperature also affects the air - less of a vacuum at higher temperatures

36
Q

What type of pipette would you use for viscous, dense or volatile liquids (ether or ethanol) and why?
(3)

A

You would use a positive displacement pipette

The piston comes in contact with the liquid

A vacuum is not used

37
Q

Why is it important to wet the tip 2-3 times with solution before carrying out experiment?
(2)

A

To moisten inside of tip 2-3 times

Evaporation could occur otherwise when using very small volumes which reduces the risk of getting an inaccurate result

38
Q

What does the Beer Lambert Law tell us about the relationship between absorbance and concentration?

A

Absorbance is proportional to concentration except at low and high concentrations

39
Q

Why do we need to calibrate the pH meter?

4

A

The meter consists of a pair of metal electrodes

When metal is left in solution it oxidises

This causes the electrode to erode

Therefore we calibrate daily to take into account this erosion

40
Q

Why are buffers important in biology?

2

A

Buffers are important to keep pH between 7.35 and 7.45 in the human body

Without buffers enzyme reactions wouldn’t occur

41
Q

What is the relationship between [H+] in mol?L and pH?

A

Inversely proportional i.e. as the hydrogen ion concentration increases the pH goes down

42
Q

Why did the acidic stain work better?

2

A

Exposes tissues

Acid corrodes the tissue and allows better bonding to the sample

1.1 Introduction To Biomedical Science (11 decks)

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