sample and sampling Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a sample?

A

refers to who we are researching

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2
Q

what is sampling?

A

refers to the technique we use to obtain a sample

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3
Q

what is a target population?

A

smaller groups within the general population whose behavior we are interested in

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4
Q

what is ethnocentrism?

A

if a study only looks at participants from one area it is referred to as ethnocentric

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5
Q

what is random sampling?

A

where every member of the target population has an equal chance of being chosen

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6
Q

how can you obtain a random sample?

A

can be done by placing the names of all possible participants in a hat and drawing out the sample required

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7
Q

what are the strengths and weaknesses of random sampling?

A

strengths = unbiased

weaknesses = a representative sample is not always guaranteed, time consuming, those selected to participate may not want to

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8
Q

what is opportunity sampling?

A

when the researcher selects people who are readily available at the time of study

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9
Q

how can you get an opportunity sampling?

A

by approaching people and asking if they would like to participate

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10
Q

what are the strengths and weaknesses of opportunity sampling?

A

strengths = quick and cheap

weaknesses = likely to produce a biased sample as all participants are recruited from one place

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11
Q

what is a volunteer sample?

A

when participants volunteer themselves to participate in research

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12
Q

how can you use volunteer sampling?

A

by placing adverts in newspapers or online

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13
Q

what are the strengths and weaknesses of volunteer sampling?

A

strengths = participants are willing to participate, which may make them less likely to withdraw

weaknesses = time consuming, biased as certain people may be more likely to respond

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14
Q

what is snowball sampling?

A

when a participant recruits other members of the target population

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15
Q

how can snowball sampling be used?

A

used for accessing niche, hard to reach target populations, eg gamblers

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16
Q

what are the strengths and weaknesses of snowball sampling?

A

strengths = useful for accessing hard to reach populations

weaknesses = biased as participants are likely to recruit people like them

17
Q

what are the different types of bias?

A
  • AGE BIAS
  • CULTURE BIAS (ethnocentrism)
  • GENDER BIAS (too many males in a sample = ANDROCENTRIC BIAS, too many females = GYNOCENTRIC BIAS