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Histopathology > Salivary Glands & Associated Pathology > Flashcards

Salivary Glands & Associated Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Saliva is involved to some degree in all of the

following functions: (5)

A 
  Speech 
  Mastication 
  Taste  
  Swallowing 
  Digestion
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2
Q

Taste

 Gustin:

A

protein thought to be necessary for growth and

maturation of taste buds.

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3
Q

Digestion

A

 Salivary amylase degrades starch

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4
Q

Saliva is involved to some degree in all of the

following functions: (5)

A 
Protection 
Buffering 
Antimicrobial action 
Maintenance of tooth integrity 
Soft Tissue Repair
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5
Q

Protection (3)

A

 Lubrication protects lining mucosa from noxious stimuli,
bacterial toxins, and minor trauma
 Washing action to rid mouth of non-adherent bacteria
 Clearance of sugars from mouth

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6
Q

Buffering (2)

A

 Prevents potential pathogenic bacteria from colonizing the
mouth (most require an acidic pH)
 Buffering of microbial acids (bicarbonate & phosphate ions)

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7
Q

Sialin:

A

a protein that raises pH of dental plaque after exposure

to fermentable carbohydrates

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8
Q

Antimicrobial action (3)

A

 Lysozyme: hydrolyzes bacterial cell walls
 Lactoferrin: binds free iron and thereby deprives bacteria
of an essential nutrient
 Salivary IgA: causes bacterial clumping (agglutination)

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9
Q

Maintenance of tooth integrity (1)

A

 Calcium and phosphate ions facilitate mineralization of

tooth surface

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10
Q

Soft Tissue Repair (2)

A

 Epithelial growth factor

 Clotting factor

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11
Q

Ectomesenchymal cells dictate differentiation of oral
epithelium which, in turn, proliferates and grows into
the underlying mesenchyme. The epithelial buds
undergo histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation
to form assemblies of: (2)

A

 Alveoli that develop into acinar cells

 Epithelial cords that develop into ducts

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12
Q

Stages of salivary gland development: (6)

A

 Induction of oral epithelium by underlying ectomesenchyme
 Growth of the epithelial cord
 Initiation of epithelial cord branching
 Repetitive branching and lobule formation
 Canalization of the presumptive ducts
 Cytodifferentiation to become acinar cells, myoepithelial cells,
and ductal cells

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13
Q

Cytodifferentiation to become acinar cells, myoepithelial cells,
and ductal cells
Growth Factors (2)

A
  • FGF (fibroblast growth factor)

* EGF (epidermal growth factor)

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14
Q

GF + EGF + Terminal Bulb Cells = (3)

A

acinar cells
myoepithelial cells
duct cells

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15
Q

The parotid and submandibular glands begin to form during the
— week of embryonic development with the sublingual gland
initiating development during the — week.

A

6th

8th

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16
Q

The minor salivary glands begin to form by the — week of

embryonic development.

A

10th

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17
Q

Hierarchy of ducts starting at the level of

the secreting unit (acinus): (5)

A 
  Intercellular canaliculus 
  Intercalated duct 
  Striated duct 
  Excretory duct  
   (a.k.a. collecting duct) 
  Terminal excretory duct
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18
Q

Myoepithelial Cells (a.k.a. Basket Cells):

A

Associated

with terminal end pieces (acini) and intercalated ducts.

19
Q

what do each of these develop into?
Parotid Gland –
Submandibular Gland –
Sublingual Gland –

A

Stenson’s Duct
Wharton’s Duct
Bartholin’s Duct

20
Q

Salivary Glands (Parotid Gland) (3)

A

 Pure serous secreting gland
 Responsible for 20% of unstimulated
salivary flow
 Salivary gland enlargement occurs
in parotitis (mumps), Sjögrens syndrome,
bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, benign
and malignant neoplasia.

21
Q

Mixed seromucous gland (i.e., predominately serous

with mucous contributions) (2)

A

 Responsible for 60% of unstimulated salivary flow.

 Serous demilunes

22
Q

Mixed mucoserous gland (i.e., predominately mucous secreting) (2)

A

 Responsible for 10% of unstimulated salivary flow

 Serous demilunes

23
Q

Minor salivary glands account for –% of unstimulated

salivary flow

A

10

24
Q

Most minor salivary glands are — secreting

A

mucous

25
Q

Named minor salivary glands are: (4)

A
  • von Ebner’s
  • Blandin-Nuhn
  • Weber’s
  • Carmalt’s
26
Q

• von Ebner’s

A

Pure serous glands associated with circumvallate papillae

27
Q

• Blandin-Nuhn

A

Mucoserous glands located on ventral surface at tip of tongue

28
Q

• Weber’s

A

Mucous glands associated with the pharyngeal tonsils

29
Q

• Carmalt’s

A

Mucous glands found in the mandibular retromolar area

30
Q

Endocrine –

A

product secreted into blood and affects other cells;

no duct system

31
Q

Exocrine –

A

secrete product onto a surface; usually has a duct

32
Q

Merocrine –

A

little/no damage to secreting cells (salivary glands)

33
Q

Apocrine –

A

partial injury to secreting cells (mammary/sweat

glands)

34
Q

Holocrine –

A

total destruction of secreting cells (sebaceous

glands)

35
Q

Fordyce’s Granules

a.k.a. Fordyce Spots) (2

A

• Not a pathologic lesion
• Represent ectopic sebaceous
glands

36
Q

Salivary Gland Mucocele (3)
 The result of
 Most common site of occurrence
 Characterized by

A

 The result of trauma that severs the duct resulting in extravasation of mucin into the surrounding soft tissues
 Most common site of occurrence are the lips, tip of the ventral surface
of the tongue and soft palate
 Characterized by a accumulation of mucin containing numerous
foamy histiocytes surrounded by granulation tissue

37
Q

Ranula

A

A term used to designate a mucocele that occurs in
the floor of the mouth. Ranulas most often involve
the sublingual salivary gland.

38
Q

Sjögren’s Syndrome (4)

A

 Chronic, systemic autoimmune disease
 80% to 90% of cases occur in middle aged females
 Xerostomia, xerophthalmia or keratoconjunctivitis sicca
 Parotid gland swelling due to lymphocytic & plasma cell infiltrate

39
Q

Salivary Glands Mixed Tumor, a.k.a. Pleomorphic Adenoma

A

 Benign tumor that accounts for 53% to 77% of
parotid gland tumors; 44% to 68% of subman-
dibular gland tumors; and 38% to 43% of minor
salivary gland tumors

40
Q

Mixed Tumor, a.k.a. Pleomorphic Adenoma

Histology (3)

A

• Well circumscribed and encapsulated
• Tissue derived from mixture of ductal and
myoepithelial cells
• Keratinizing squamous cells and mucous
producing cells are also present

41
Q

One of the most common salivary gland

malignancies

A

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

42
Q

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

Most commonly involves the

A

parotid gland

consequently, pain or facial nerve palsy may develop

43
Q

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

Histology (2)

A

• Composed of a mixture of mucous producing
cells and squamous epidermoid cells.
• Abundant cellular pleomorphism and a tendency
to form cystic areas within the tumor cell mass

Histopathology (15 decks)

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