Salivary Glands

Question 1

Types of glands in digestive system ?

Answer 1

1- digestive glands ( liver, pancreas)
2- salivary glands

Question 2

Types of salivary glands?

Answer 2

1- small found in palate, tongue, lips and cheeks
2- large ( parotid, sublingual and submandibuler)

Question 3

Site of parotid gland?

Answer 3

At the anterlateral aspect of the face below the auricle of each ear

Question 4

Surfaces, borders of parotid gland?

Answer 4

• borders
  1- medial
  2- anterior
  3- posterior
  4- apex
• surfaces
  1- anteromedial ( between medial, anterior)
  2- posteromedial ( between medial , posterior)
  3- base or superior ( between 3 borders)
  4- superficial ( between ant, post, upper)

Question 5

Relations of parotid gland?

Answer 5

• relations of sufraces
*superficial (3s with a nerve)
- skin
- superficial fascia
- superficial lamina of the investing layer of cervical deep fascia ( false capsule )
- great auriculer nerve

*anteromedial ( 3m)
- masseter muscle
- mandibler ramus
- medial pterygoid muscle

*posteromedial
- sternomastoid muscle
- mastoid process
- posterior belly of digastric muscle

• styloid apparatus
  1- styloid process
• stylohyoid
• styloglossus
• stylopharngeas

-carotid sheath

1- internal carotid
2- internal jugular
3- in between vagus nerve

• relations of borders

*upper border
- superficial temporal artery in between
- temporal branch of facial n
- auriclotemporal nerve

*lower border
- beginning of external juguler vein
- common facial ( anterior facial& retro mandibler)

*medial border
Lies on the superior constrictor muscle of pharynx

*anterior border
- zygomatic branch of facial
- transverse facial artery
- upper buccal branch of facial
< parotid duct >
- lower buccal branch of facial
- marginal mandibuler branch of facial
- cervical branch of facial

*posterior border
- posterior auriculer artery, vein and nerve

Question 6

Structures embedded in parotid gland ?

Answer 6

1- facial nerve giving it 5 branches
2- external carotid artery passing through it giving posterior auriculer and then terminal branches ( maxillary , superficial temporal )
3- retromandibuler vein ( posterior facial )
- coming from union of superficial temporal , maxillary
- divides into ant , post
- ant unites with anterior facial draining in i. j V
- post unites with posterior auriculer forming e. J V

Question 7

Talk about Parotid duct course?

Answer 7

(4)
1- passes anteriorly to the external surface of masseter
2- turns medially
3- pierces the buccinator muscle
4- opens in the oral cavity proper opposite the upper second molar tooth

Question 8

Blood supply of parotid gland ?

Answer 8

Arterial
- superficial temporal a
- posterior auricular a
From external carotid a

Venous
- retromandibuler vein ( post division in which the posterior auriculer drain –> E.J.V

Question 9

Innervation of parotid gland ?

Answer 9

• sensory
  Mandibuler nerve ( through foramen ovale)
• auriclotemporal for tge gland itself
  great auriculer for the fascia ( capsule )
• sympathetic
• T1 spinal segment fibres
• relay in superior cervical ganglia
• post ganglionic sympathetic fibres pass with external carotid artery to reach the gland
• parasympathetic (9)
  1- coming from inferior salivary nucleus
  2- passing with glossy pharyngeal nerve
  3- passing through the jugular foramen
  4- giving tympanic branch
  5- forming tympanic plexus
  6– lesser petrosal nerve coming from this plexus
  7- passing through foramen ovale
  8– relay in otic ganglia
  9- postganglionic parasympathetic fibres passes with auriclotemporal nerve coming from mandibuler nerve to reach the gland

Question 10

Talk about parotitis ?

Answer 10

1- parotitis swelling is limited by it fibrous capsule producing pain
2- this pain radiates in the extrrnal ear as the auriclotemporal nerve gives sensory innervation to both parotidgland , external ear